Generalize: to make a broad inference Conclude: to finish and come to a decision Theory: the best explanation for a scientific principle Measure: to find the dimensions or quantity Evidence: what supports a conclusion Infer: to conclude based on observation Compare: to examine something to see similarities and differences. Predict: to infer about the future Interpret: to explain what you understand of something Analyze: To examine carefully and in detail Relate: to find a connection or association Calculate: to find a quantity using a mathematical formula Observe: to use five senses to gather facts Describe: to give an account of something Classify : to arrange or organize by some trait Technology: something that makes life easier Experiment: to test a procedure to discover truth Investigation: to carefully examine facts to discover something. Tentative: not definite, a trial version Assumption: a guess, inference

Mid-Year Review – Day 1 Science Scientific Methods Lab Skills

What is Science? A way of learning about the natural world

1. SUMMARIZE THE FOUR BASIC SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES.

Basic Scientific Principles Science is a way of knowing that can be used by anyone, not just scientists. Anyone can do science! There are many different ways to solve a problem or do an experiment in science. Scientific discoveries are made in many ways. Scientists will revise what they know over time with new information and technology. Scientific findings and principles are based on observable evidence.

Scientific Methods Observation: Get info using senses Inference: conclusion based on an observation (what you think, not what you see)

2. BASED ON THE PICTURE OF THE FISH, MAKE 2 OBSERVATIONS AND 1 INFERENCE. Observations? Inferences?

3. WHAT ARE THE STEPS OF THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD AND HOW ARE EXPERIMENTS CONTROLLED?

Scientific Method 1. Question: Based on observation 2. Hypothesis: A possible explanation for an observation. (A type of inference ) 3. Testing or Experimenting : to test your hypothesis 4. Collecting and Interpreting Data (information) 5. Conclusions: analyze your data to see if your hypothesis was accepted or rejected.

Controlled Experiment Variable: a factor that can change in the experiment A variable is tested 2 types of Variables in an experiment Independent = Manipulated The factor the scientist changes Dependent = Responding (The result) The factor that changes because of the independent variable Control: All other variables are kept constant (YOU ONLY CHANGE ONE VARIABLE TO CONTROL AN EXPERIMENT)

Bar Graphs - Used to show amounts of data Line Graphs - Show changes in data over time Pie Graphs - Show percent % of a whole 4. GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF WHEN TO USE A BAR GRAPH, AND WHEN TO USE A LINE GRAPH.

5. What are length, volume, mass, and temperature? What are the metric units for each and what tools are used to measure them?

Length Length = Distance Meter [m] Ruler or meter stick

Volume Volume=amount of space Liquid Volume or irregular solid Liter [L] Graduated Cylinder Regular Solid Cm3 Ruler- LxWxH

Mass Mass=amount of matter Kilogram [kg] or Gram [g] Triple beam balance What is the mass of the object on the scale below?

Temperature Measure of heat energy Celsius [°C] – (Metric Unit) Kelvin [K] – (Official SI Unit) Thermometer