A Flawed Peace

A Flawed Peace 13.4 German generals recognized that it was time to sue for peace with the Allies. The Kaiser was forced to abdicate on the 8 th November and a new democratic republic was established. An armistice (an agreement to stop fighting) is signed in a railway car near Paris. On November 11, 1918, World War I came to an end. How would the Allies deal with a defeated Germany?

David Lloyd-George [Great Britain] Vittorio Orlando [Italy] Georges Clemenceau [France] Woodrow Wilson [USA] The Big Four

“I can predict with absolute certainty that within another generation there will be another world war if the nations of the world do not concert the method by which to prevent it." Woodrow Wilson, 1919

Differing Allied Goals America, Woodrow Wilson –Fourteen Points: Plan for organizing post-World War I Europe & avoiding future wars –Reduction of weapons –Self Determination-right of all people to choose their own governments (democracies) –Organization for world’s nations to join, to protect from future aggression

Differing Allied Goals France, Georges Clemenceau –punish Germany –make Germany pay for costs of war Great Britain, David Lloyd George –punish Germany –don’t weaken Germany wanted Germany to stop communism from spreading out of Russia Italy, Vittorio Orlando –wanted to gain territory -Italy was essentially ignored

Treaty of Versailles Allies finally compromised on goals Treaty of Versailles was closer to Clemenceau’s goals than Wilson’s Germany had to accept the terms of the treaty world-war-i/videos#treaty-of- versailles-end-world-war-i

THE TERMS OF THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES 1919 WAR GUILT CLAUSE GERMANY’S MILITARY FORCES REDUCED LOSS OF TERRITORRY NO UNION WITH AUSTRIA PAY REPARATIONS RHINELAND DE-MILITARISED Treaty of Versailles (1919) Designed to cripple Germany Copy the chart !

"The Allied and Associated Governments affirm, and Germany accepts, the responsibility of Germany and her Allies for causing all the loss and damage to which the Allied and Associate Governments and their nationals have been subjected as a consequence of a war imposed upon them by the aggression of Germany and her Allies." Article 231 The War Guilt Clause

Treaty of Versailles June 28, 1919  signed by Germany League of Nations formed: –International body of nations –Purpose: to prevent future wars –Germany was excluded –U.S. did not join

THE FINISHING TOUCH 1.Describe the storyline, 2.Assess the individual features. 3.Identify the political message intended by the cartoonist. ‘Who’ or ‘what’ is the man representing? What does the plank represent What is being represented by the ‘hand’?

‘Perhaps it would gee-up better if we let it touch earth.’ A British newspaper cartoon, by David Low. Briand, French Prime Minister 1)Describe the storyline shown in the cartoon. 2)Assess the individual features. 3)What is the political message? Lloyd-George, British Prime Minister What is this referring to? What does the horse represent? Why is the cart up-ended? What is meant by the caption? Why is Lloyd-George holding a shovel? Why is Briand holding a whip? Why is a shovel left here? ‘Perhaps it would gee-up better if we let it touch earth.’

Militarism Alliance System Nationalism Imperialism Assassination of Franz Ferdinand Causes of WWI Effects of WWI Allied victory Boom in American economy Colonies lost for defeated empires Destruction in Europe Emergence of U.S. as a world leader & economic giant