Chapter 14 By Hunter Shughart Jake Gordon And Melinda Romito

The Palmer Raids In June of1919 an explosion damaged the home of Mitchell Palmer In June of1919 an explosion damaged the home of Mitchell Palmer He began a campaign to identify the groups that posed a danger to the country He began a campaign to identify the groups that posed a danger to the country The justice department set up a force to arrest subversives The justice department set up a force to arrest subversives Its targets were communists, socialists, and anarchists Its targets were communists, socialists, and anarchists In Jan of 1920 federal agents arrested many suspected radicals and charged them with anarchy In Jan of 1920 federal agents arrested many suspected radicals and charged them with anarchy On May Palmer predicted bombings, he was wrong an Americans lost Faith in him. On May Palmer predicted bombings, he was wrong an Americans lost Faith in him.

Sacco and Vanzetti  On April Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were arrested for a robbery and killing  They were anarchists  Sacco’s gun was used in the crime  Many Americans thought the men were arrested because they were immigrants with radical beliefs  Despite mass protests a jury found them guilty and they were sentenced to death

Gitlow v. New York New York had convicted Bernard Gitlow of publishing calls in 1919 to overthrow the government by force. Gitlow appealed that New York had violated his constitutional guarantees of freedom of speech. In the past, The supreme court had argued that the Bill of Rights protected individuals only against actions of the federal government. The court upheld Gitlow’s conviction, saying that he had indeed urged people to violent revolution The court had used the Fourteenth Amendment to make other provisions of the Bill of Rights apply to state actions.

Schenck v. U.S ► In 1919, Supreme court decision seemed to justify jailing radicals. ► Charles Schenck had mailed letter to men who were drafted, urging them not to report for duty. ► He was convicted of breaking the Espionage Act, a wartime law aimed at spies and people who opposed the war ► Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., said that the government is justified in silencing free speech when there is a “clear and present danger” to the nation. ► Holmes expanded the powers of the Supreme court beyond the original intent of the constitution.

The Red Scare The Russian Revolution & American Fears

Russian Revolution Czar Nicholas II lost power on March 1917 because many people didn’t agree with his ideas, and that his army was weak to protect him Czar Nicholas II lost power on March 1917 because many people didn’t agree with his ideas, and that his army was weak to protect him A new government was formed by Alexander Kerensky A new government was formed by Alexander Kerensky Vladimir Lenin came forward and promised citizens peace, land, and bread. Vladimir Lenin came forward and promised citizens peace, land, and bread.

Russian Revolution Continued Lenin took the name “Bolsheviks” which meant majority in Russian Lenin took the name “Bolsheviks” which meant majority in Russian Bolsheviks overthrew Kerensky on Nov Bolsheviks overthrew Kerensky on Nov Civil War broke out shortly after Lenin came to power Civil War broke out shortly after Lenin came to power Lenin’s Red army clashed with the white army, which had former land owners and government officials Lenin’s Red army clashed with the white army, which had former land owners and government officials

Russian Revolution page 3 Britain, France, Japan, and the US backed the white army Britain, France, Japan, and the US backed the white army The red army was triumphant in 1920, and Russia was named the U.S.S.R. or the Soviet Union The red army was triumphant in 1920, and Russia was named the U.S.S.R. or the Soviet Union Lenin made communism the main ideology of the Soviet Union Lenin made communism the main ideology of the Soviet Union

Russian Revolution- Communism The government owned all land and property The government owned all land and property A single political party controlled the government A single political party controlled the government The needs of the country always took priority over the rights of an individual The needs of the country always took priority over the rights of an individual

American Fears Russia’s intentions to spread communism alarmed many Americans Russia’s intentions to spread communism alarmed many Americans American’s distrusted Europeans and blamed them for the starting WWI American’s distrusted Europeans and blamed them for the starting WWI Americans were concerned about European radicals and communists would come to America Americans were concerned about European radicals and communists would come to America Russian backed communists tried to overthrow the German government in 1919 Russian backed communists tried to overthrow the German government in 1919

American Fears Continued Bombs were sent through the mail to American senators Bombs were sent through the mail to American senators “Red Scare” was the intense fear of communism and other radical ideas “Red Scare” was the intense fear of communism and other radical ideas Americans called for communists to be sent out of the country Americans called for communists to be sent out of the country