© 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 1

2 2 3 C H A P T E R PROGRESSION OF THE NURSING FIELD: PAST AND PRESENT

© 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 3 Nursing in Ancient Times  Nursing described in Jewish and Christian writings  Romans used slaves for nursing care

© 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 4 Middle Ages  Wealthy women helped peasants.  Convents founded religious nursing orders.  The Crusades led to military nursing orders.

© 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 5 Renaissance  Dark period for nursing  Nursing care not valued anymore  Prostitutes and prisoners served as nurses.

© 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 6 Colonial American Nursing  Little infrastructure to support nursing  Catholic nursing orders and slaves provided nursing care.

© 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 7 Florence Nightingale  Well-educated  Saved many lives in the Crimean War  Care brought new focus to cleanliness and nutrition  Wrote Notes on Nursing

© 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 8 Nursing in America  Dix and Barton recruited nurses in the Civil War.  Mahoney initiated the integration of nursing.  Wald established public health nursing.

© 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 9 Nursing in America  Military nursing—Army Nurse Corps  Frontier Nursing Service  Hill-Burton Act  Managed care

© 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 10 Nursing Education  Before Nightingale: apprenticeships, no formal programs  Nightingale established two schools of nursing.  Figure 3-6

© 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 11 Nursing Education in America  Hampton Robb  National League for Nursing  Goldmark Report  Nurse Training Act

© 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 12 Nursing Education in America  Brown Report  Associate Degree programs  American Association of Colleges of Nursing

© 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 13 Research  Nightingale collected, analyzed, presented data  1900—American Journal of Nursing  Early formal research focused on nursing education.

© 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 14 Research  1950’s—research expanded  National Institute for Nursing Research  Evidence-based practice