Learning Target: Eukaryotic Cell Organelles I Can… Describe the structure and function of common organelles in a typical eukaryotic cell. To achieve this, I Will… Read Ch. 3.2, pp View the Cell Organelle video on YouTube Complete the Plant and Animal Cell Webquest Complete the Plant and Animal Cell Microscope Lab I know I am successful when … I am able to list all the organelles in a typical eukaryotic cell and discuss their function and how they contribute to the bio-system of a functioning cell.

Eukaryotic cells: Are a highly organized bio-system They have membrane-bound organelles Each organelle performs a very specialized function They are capable of cell to cell communication in multicellular organisms

OrganelleFunction Cytoplasm Jello mold of the cell Fills the space between cell membrane and nucleus Cytosol – mostly water Dissolves molecular building blocks (ions, amino acids, nucleic acids, sugars) Hold organelles Allows reactions to take place Allows transport of materials Absorbs heat from cellular metabolism Cytosol + Dissolved substances + organelles = cytoplasm

OrganelleFunction Cytoskeleton Scaffolding for the cell Network of proteins that supports and shapes the cell. Three main types of fibers: Microtubules Intermediate filaments Microfilaments Critical in Cell division Allowing muscle cells to contract and relax The disease Muscular Dystrophy is related to problems with the cytoskeleton.

OrganelleFunction Nucleus Control Center of the cell Membrane-bound organelle Nuclear membrane similar to cell membrane Stores most of the genetic material (DNA) of your cells Protects DNA Makes DNA available for use at certain times DNA – Deoxyribonucleic acid is the genetic instructions of life Contains nucleolus

OrganelleFunction Nucleolus (RNA) Inside the nucleus Dense region of RNA Makes ribosomes Combination of protein and RNA OrganelleFunction Ribosome Protein Factory Assists in protein synthesis by linking amino acids together into a polypeptide chain (the first step in making proteins) May be attached to endoplasmic reticulum May be free-floating in cytoplasm

OrganelleFunction Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) (Parking Garage) Membrane-bound organelle that forms channels from nucleus through cytoplasm Involved in production of proteins and lipids Many folds increase surface space Rough ER is studded with ribosomes Smooth ER does not have ribosomes attached Involved in breaking down drugs and alcohol

OrganelleFunction Golgi Apparatus (UPS of the cell) Staked membranes (resembles a stack of pancakes). Enzymes in the membranes process proteins from the ER. Proteins are packaged for transport within the cell or secreted out of the cell.

OrganelleFunction Mitochondria (Energy powerhouse; Mighty - Mitochondria) Supplies energy to cell Double membrane bean-shaped organelle. (Inner folds increase surface area for chemical reactions to take place) Oxidizes glucose to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate) for energy use in the cell during cellular respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 → 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + Energy Has its own ribosomes and DNA

OrganelleFunction Vesicles (Small plastic bag) Small membrane-bound sacs that hold material and keep it separate from the rest of the cell. Transports material from place to place in the cell. Short-term use; formed, and recycled.

OrganelleFunction Vacuole (Larger plastic bag) Fluid filled sac for storage of water, food molecules, inorganic ions, and enzymes. Most animal cells have many small vacuoles Plant cells have a large central vacuole Difference between vacuoles and vesicles: Vacuoles- usually larger and formed from cell membrane Vesicles – smaller and formed from organelles such as ER and Golgi apparatus Difference between vacuoles and vesicles: Vacuoles- usually larger and formed from cell membrane Vesicles – smaller and formed from organelles such as ER and Golgi apparatus

OrganelleFunction Lysosome (Suicide sac) Membrane-bound vesicle organelle containing digestive enzymes. Made by ER and Golgi (together) Debate on whether lysosomes are found in plant cells or not Used to breakdown food particles Used to breakdown microbes or foreign material (WBCs) Used to breakdown nonfunctional organelles or entire cell in Apoptosis (Programmed cell death)

OrganelleFunction Centrosome & Centrioles (Plant cells do not have centrioles but do have centrosomes) Centrosome – small region in cytoplasm that produces microtubules. Centrioles – microtubules involved in animal cell division

OrganelleFunction Cell Wall (Plant cells, bacteria, and fungi scaffolding) Rigid layer outside the cell membrane which provides protection and support for cells. Cell walls fuse together to form multicellular plants and are the main source of support for the plant.

OrganelleFunction Chloroplast (Photosynthesis) [only in plant cells] Green Performs photosynthesis* converting solar energy into stored chemical energy (i.e. glucose) Both chloroplasts and mitochondria are involved in energy conversion for cells *Sunlight + 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O → C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 → 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + Energy