Initial Pilot Ground School EC 130 B4 Initial Pilot Ground School Chapter 10 Fuel System

Chapter 10 - Fuel System Overview of the Fuel System ……...…………………….….…………….. 10.3 Fuel System Schematic ……………………………………………………. 10.4 Fuel System Components …………….……………………………...…… 10.5 Fuel System Caution Lights ……………….……………………………… 10.6 Fuel Tank Characteristics …..…………...………………………………… 10.7 Fuel Tank Vent ………...…………………………………………………….. 10.10 Fuel Filter …………………….………….……………………………………. 10.12 Starting Fuel Pump …………….………...…………………………………. 10.17 Fuel Quantity Probe …………………...……………………………………. 10.19 Fuel Indicating …………….…………………………………………………. 10.21 Fuel Low Light System …………………….………………………………. 10.22 Emergency Fuel Shut-Off Lever ……….………………………………… 10.23 Emergency Fuel Shut-Off Valve ………………………………………….. 10.24 Fuel Caution Light …………………………………………………………. 10.26 Fuel Pressure Caution Light ……………………………………………… 10.30 Fuel Filter Caution Light ………………………………………… 10.37 & 10.40 Review Questions …………………………………………………………... 10.42 10.2

Overview of the Fuel System The fuel system in the EC130B4 incorporates the traditional, non-baffled polycarbonate 143 gallon fuel tank. Fuel quantity is determined by a capacitance probe, with the fuel gauge displayed on the VEMD. There is a single boost “starting” pump that is used only for starting, and is then turned off. The engine uses a low and high pressure pump to draw fuel from the fuel tank. The fuel filter, differential pressure and low pressure switches are located on the fuel control, not on the MGB deck as in the AS350’s. The fuel is routed through the oil filter housing for preheating, therefore, anti-icing additive is not required until temperatures are below minus 200 C. Fuel monitoring is through the quantity gauge (VEMD), FUEL P, FUEL, and FUEL FILT caution lights. There is no fuel pressure gauge. For those who are familiar with the AS350 B3 fuel system, this is almost identical. 10.3

Fuel System Schematic 40 bar 10 bar .5 bar 10.4

Fuel System Components To High Pressure Pump D Fuel capacity is 143 gals. (or 540 liters) 20 micron fuel filter element Fuel quantity is displayed on the VEMD 10.5

Fuel System Caution Lights 10.6

Fuel Tank Characteristics Fuel tank capacity 145.84 US gallons (552 liters) Refueling capacity 142.67 US gallons (540 liters) Expansion capacity 3.17 US gallons (12 liters) Unusable capacity .317 US gallons (1.2 liters) Weight (not equipped) 46.26 lbs (21 Kg) 10.7

Fuel Tank Nylon Straps No Baffles Single piece spun woven polycarbonate tank 10.8

Fuel Filler Neck and Strainer 10.9

Fuel Tank Vent Fire Protection Grid 10.10

Fuel Sump A small knob actuates the drain valve. Fuel can be drained from the tank through a sump located below the belly. 10.11

Fuel Filter 20 micron filter FUEL FILTER DESCRIPTION MAINTENANCE 10.12

“Pop-Out” Clogging Indicator Fuel Filter Fuel Filter “Pop-Out” Clogging Indicator FUEL FILTER 10.13

Clogging Indicator After any flight where the FUEL FILTER caution light has illuminated, whether it remained illuminated or not, always check for a ‘popped’ indicator button. This reveals a true bypass situation. If the bypass indicator is found ‘popped’, refer to the Turbomeca engine manual. 10. 14

Fuel Filter Operation FUEL FILTER OPERATION 10.15

Fuel Filter Blockage Detection 10.16

Starting Fuel Pump 10.17 STARTING (BOOSTER) PUMP GENERAL DESCRIPTION OPERATION 10.17

Fuel Pump Switch 10.18

Base of fuel quantity probe with fuel drain valve and arm 10.19

Capacitance Type Fuel Contents Gauge Two concentric electroplated tubes FUEL “Fuel Low” thermister which illuminates the FUEL caution light. 10.20

Fuel Indicating The VEMD displays: Fuel Quantity by bar graph & digital information in lbs, gal, kgs or liters. Information is automatically updated upon refueling. Fuel flow indicator and time until flame-out. NOTE: There is NO fuel pressure gauge for the EC130 B4. 10.21

Fuel Low Light System FUEL FUEL Fuel less than 15.8 gallons - 15 minutes of flight time remain at Maximum Continuous Power. 10.22

Emergency Fuel Shut-Off Lever 10.23

Emergency Fuel Shut-Off Valve 10.24

FUEL Fuel quantity < 48 kg CORRECTIVE ACTIONS WARNING PANEL Flight Manual - Emergency Procedures - Page 3-18 10.25

15 mn of flight time remain at MCP WARNING PANEL CORRECTIVE ACTIONS FUEL LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE Fuel quantity < 48 kg NOTE 15 mn of flight time remain at MCP WARNING AVOID LARGE ATTITUDE CHANGES Flight Manual - Emergency Procedures - Page 3-18 10.26

FUELP Low fuel pressure CORRECTIVE ACTIONS WARNING PANEL Flight Manual - Emergency Procedures - Page 3-21 10.27

FUELP IN FLIGHT: 1. Collective pitch …… REDUCE POWER WARNING PANEL CORRECTIVE ACTIONS IN FLIGHT: 1. Collective pitch …… REDUCE POWER 2. Booster pump …….. ON FUELP Low fuel pressure Flight Manual - Emergency Procedures - Page 3-21 10.28

FUELP IN FLIGHT: 1. Collective pitch …… REDUCE POWER WARNING PANEL CORRECTIVE ACTIONS IN FLIGHT: 1. Collective pitch …… REDUCE POWER 2. Booster pump …….. ON FUELP Low fuel pressure LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE Low power approach and landing. Flight Manual - Emergency Procedures - Page 3-21 10.29

BE PREPARED IN CASE OF AN WARNING PANEL CORRECTIVE ACTIONS IN FLIGHT: 1. Collective pitch …… REDUCE POWER 2. Booster pump …….. ON FUELP Low fuel pressure LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE Low power approach and landing. WARNING BE PREPARED IN CASE OF AN ENGINE FLAME-OUT. Flight Manual - Emergency Procedures - Page 3-21 10.30

FUELFILT Fuel filter clogged CORRECTIVE ACTIONS WARNING PANEL Flight Manual - Emergency Procedures - Page 3-19 10.31

WARNING PANEL CORRECTIVE ACTIONS WARNING FUELFILT FUEL FILTER BY-PASS OPENING DRIVES POLLUTION INTO THE FUEL LINE, AND THE GOVERNOR, INTRODUCING OSCILLATIONS, LIMITED POWER OR EVENTUALLY FLAME-OUT. Fuel filter clogged Collective pitch ……...… REDUCE POWER Flight Manual - Emergency Procedures - Page 3-19 10.32

FUELFILT FUEL FILT WARNING WARNING PANEL CORRECTIVE ACTIONS WARNING FUELFILT FUEL FILTER BY-PASS OPENING DRIVES POLLUTION INTO THE FUEL LINE, AND THE GOVERNOR, INTRODUCING OSCILLATIONS, LIMITED POWER OR EVENTUALLY FLAME-OUT. Fuel filter clogged Collective pitch ……...… REDUCE POWER FUEL FILT Goes out Flight Manual - Emergency Procedures - Page 3-19 10.33

Continue flight at reduced power. WARNING PANEL CORRECTIVE ACTIONS WARNING FUELFILT FUEL FILTER BY-PASS OPENING DRIVES POLLUTION INTO THE FUEL LINE, AND THE GOVERNOR, INTRODUCING OSCILLATIONS, LIMITED POWER OR EVENTUALLY FLAME-OUT. Fuel filter clogged Collective pitch ……...… REDUCE POWER FUEL FILT Goes out Continue flight at reduced power. Flight Manual - Emergency Procedures - Page 3-19 10.34

Continue flight at reduced power. WARNING PANEL CORRECTIVE ACTIONS WARNING FUELFILT FUEL FILTER BY-PASS OPENING DRIVES POLLUTION INTO THE FUEL LINE, AND THE GOVERNOR, INTRODUCING OSCILLATIONS, LIMITED POWER OR EVENTUALLY FLAME-OUT. Fuel filter clogged Collective pitch ……...… REDUCE POWER FUEL FILT Goes out Continue flight at reduced power. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE Flight Manual - Emergency Procedures - Page 3-19 10.35

Continue flight at reduced power. WARNING PANEL CORRECTIVE ACTIONS WARNING FUELFILT FUEL FILTER BY-PASS OPENING DRIVES POLLUTION INTO THE FUEL LINE, AND THE GOVERNOR, INTRODUCING OSCILLATIONS, LIMITED POWER OR EVENTUALLY FLAME-OUT. Fuel filter clogged Collective pitch ……...… REDUCE POWER FUEL FILT FUELFILT Goes out Remains on Continue flight at reduced power. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE Flight Manual - Emergency Procedures - Page 3-19 10.36

Continue flight at reduced power. WARNING PANEL CORRECTIVE ACTIONS WARNING FUELFILT FUEL FILTER BY-PASS OPENING DRIVES POLLUTION INTO THE FUEL LINE, AND THE GOVERNOR, INTRODUCING OSCILLATIONS, LIMITED POWER OR EVENTUALLY FLAME-OUT. Fuel filter clogged Collective pitch ……...… REDUCE POWER FUEL FILT FUELFILT Goes out Remains on Continue flight at reduced power. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE (Continued Flight Manual - Emergency Procedures - Page 3-19 10.37

FUEL FILT FUELFILT FUELFILT WARNING PANEL CORRECTIVE ACTIONS FUEL FILT FUELFILT FUELFILT Goes out Remains on Fuel filter clogged Continue flight at reduced power. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE MONITOR Ng If Ng oscillations occur Flight Manual - Emergency Procedures - Page 3-19 10.38

FUEL FILT FUELFILT FUELFILT WARNING PANEL CORRECTIVE ACTIONS FUEL FILT FUELFILT FUELFILT Goes out Remains on Fuel filter clogged Continue flight at reduced power. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE MONITOR Ng If Ng oscillations occur LAND IMMEDIATELY Flight Manual - Emergency Procedures - Page 3-19 10.39

FUEL FILT FUELFILT FUELFILT WARNING PANEL CORRECTIVE ACTIONS FUEL FILT FUELFILT FUELFILT Goes out Remains on Fuel filter clogged Continue flight at reduced power. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE MONITOR Ng If Ng oscillations occur LAND IMMEDIATELY Autorotation procedure …………. APPLY. Flight Manual - Emergency Procedures - Page 3-19 10.40

Clogging Indicator After any flight where the FUEL FILTER caution light has illuminated, whether it remained illuminated or not, always check for a ‘popped’ indicator button. This reveals a true bypass situation. If the bypass indicator is found ‘popped’, refer to the Turbomeca engine manual. 10. 41

Review Questions 10.42

85. What caution / warning lights and/or gauges are associated with the fuel system? C. F FILT, FUEL, & FUEL P lights, and the VEMD fuel indicator.

86. What is the capacity of the fuel tank in US gallons? D. 143 gallons

87. In the case of a low-pressure pump failure, what caution light, if any, will illuminate? D. FUEL P light.

88. What causes the F FILT light to illuminate? D. When the differential pressure of inlet to filter & outlet from filter exceeds .7 bar.

89. Does illumination of the F FILT light mean the fuel filter has definitely gone into bypass? C. Possibly. Check the red “pop-out” button for positive confirmation.

90. Where is the red “pop-out” fuel filter bypass indicator located? B. Adjacent to the fuel filter housing.

91. Approximately how many gallons of fuel remain in the fuel tank when the FUEL light illuminates and approximately how long can you continue in level flight at Maximum Continuous Power before burnout? A. 15.8 gallons, 15 minutes.

92. At fuel levels of approximately 75% why does the EC130 B4 oscillate fore and aft occasionally? D. Fuel is sloshing in the fuel tank because there are no baffles in the fuel tank.

93. Should the red emergency fuel cut-off handle be used routinely to shut down the engine? B. No

Initial Pilot Ground School EC 130 B4 Initial Pilot Ground School End of Chapter 10 Fuel System