Heating and Cooling Curves The heating curve is a graph which represents how a sample changes phases. As heat is added over time, the sample changes temperature.

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Presentation transcript:

Heating and Cooling Curves The heating curve is a graph which represents how a sample changes phases. As heat is added over time, the sample changes temperature and phase accordingly. Thus heating curve.

Using a full sheet of paper, make a large scale drawing of this diagram.

Freezing and Boiling Point Graph aka Phase Change Diagram or Heating and Cooling Curve

This diagram shows the melting and boiling points for a crystalline substance. Temperature is on the y- axis & either the amount of energy absorbed/released or the time it takes for a phase change is graphed on the x-axis.

Bottom flat line represents the melting and freezing points of the substance. Top flat line represents the boiling and condensation points of the substance.

1. What is the melting point of this substance? 2. What is the boiling point of this substance?

1.Which phase exists during segment AB? 2.Which phase exists during segment BC?

Slanted lines represent a change in temperature. Reading from left to right indicates an increase and from right to left a decrease.

Kinetic energy is directly related to temperature so when temp go up so does KE.

Between the temperatures represented by points A and B, the substance represented will exist in a solid state. As time increases, heat is being added which causes the particles to vibrate faster and thus have an increase in kinetic energy and an increase in temperature.

The temperature represented by point B is the melting point of the substance. The flat line indicates that heat is being added (absorbed), but the temperature is not increasing, thus there is no change in Kinetic energy between points B and C. During the time represented by line BC the substance is melting. At time B, the substance is a solid. At time C, the substance will be completely melted and thus exists only as a liquid. What is the melting point of this substance?

The energy needed to change the substance from a solid to a liquid is called “heat of fusion”. At Point C, the KE of the substance begins increasing and continues to increase until the substance reaches its boiling point, represented by point D. Since temp is directly related to KE, the temp is also increasing during segment CD.

Point D represents the substance’s boiling point. At point D, the liquid begins to boil and changes into the gaseous state. The energy needed to change the liquid to a gas is called “Heat of vaporization”. During segment DE the substance is in both the liquid and gaseous state. At point E, all of the liquid has become gas and the KE begins increasing as indicated by the positive slope of the line. Beyond point E, as temp increases, the gaseous particles increase in speed. What is the boiling point of this substance?

Label each segment as being either solid, liquid, gas, solid and liquid, liquid and gas Label each horizontal segment as either melting or vaporation Label each horizontal segment as either freezing or condensation. What is the boiling point of this substance?

This graph can be read backwards. When reading it backwards, energy is being released instead of being absorbed. When reading it backwards, segment ED represents the condensation point (substance is changing from a gas to a liquid) and segment CB represents the process of changing from a liquid to a solid (freezing).

When reading this graph backwards, what is the freezing point of the substance? What is happening during segment CB? What is the condensation point of the substance? What is happening in terms of energy?

When reading this graph, what is the freezing point of the substance? What is happening during segment HI? What is the condensation point of the substance? What is happening in terms of energy? F G H I J

Crystalline solids will have definite melting and boiling points as illustrated on the previous graphs. Crystalline substances have definite melting and boiling points because those substances have a very orderly arrangement of atoms. Amorphous substances do not have a definite melting or boiling point because their atoms do not have an orderly arrangement. Examples of crystalline substances: ice, salt, alcohols, quartz, sugar Examples of amorphous substances: plastics, rubber, glass, cement, tar

Crystallization and solidification can be considered synonyms for freezing. Sublimation is the process of changing from a solid to a gas without going through the liquid state. Deposition is the process of changing from a gas to solid without going through the liquid state. For crystalline substances melting point and freezing point will be the same temperature and boiling point and condensation point will be the same temperature.