Chapter AP* Sixth Edition World Civilizations The Global Experience World Civilizations The Global Experience Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The World Economy 16

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The World Economy I.The West's First Outreach: Maritime Power II.Toward a World Economy III.Colonial Expansion

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The West's First Outreach: Maritime Power Increasing contact from 12th century –From Crusades, Reconquista –Familiarity with imports Changes –Mongol fall –Ottomans intervene European efforts to expand

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert New Technology: A Key to Power Deep-draught ships - caravels –Better on ocean voyages Armaments better Compasses, mapmaking help navigation

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Portugal and Spain Lead the Pack Prince Henry the Navigator –Expeditions along African coast –1488, pass Cape of Good Hope –1498, Vasco da Gama reaches India –1514, Portuguese to Indonesia, China

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Portugal and Spain Lead the Pack Columbus –To Americas, 1492 –Four trips Ferdinand Magellan –1519, begins circumnavigation of the world

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Northern European Expeditions England, Holland, France take the initiative  Northwest Passage 1588, British defeat Spanish Armada 1534, French cross the Atlantic –Settle Canada 1497, British sail to North America –1600s, begin colonization

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Northern European Expeditions Dutch-win independence from Spain –North American territory  New Amsterdam-lose to British  Dutch Guiana –Indonesia Chartered companies –Little government supervision –Dutch East India Company –British East India Company

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Toward a World Economy The Columbian Exchange of Disease and Food –Native Americans, Polynesians lack immunities –Slaves imported –New World plants:  Corn, sweet potato, potato –Old World animals:  Horse, cattle

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert West's Commercial Outreach Continuity –Asian shipping in Chinese, Japanese waters –Muslim traders along east African coast –Turks in eastern Mediterranean Europeans –Remain on coast in Africa, Asia  Looking for ports, not colonies

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Imbalances in World Trade Spain and Portugal lack financial systems England, France, Holland –More lasting economic presence – known as core nations Mercantilism- sell more, buy less –Exports, home production protected –Dependent areas supply raw materials – Buy manufactured goods

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert A System of International Inequality Permanent state of dependence –But peasants mostly unaffected –Some native population prosper  African princes and slave traders Did not result in local prosperity –Forced labor becomes widespread to meet demand  Mita  Slavery of locals

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert How Much World in the World Economy? Not all areas affected –East Asia self-sufficient China uninterested in world economy –Keeps Europeans out - Macao only Japan –Attracted by gunnery  Develops own manufacturing of weapons  Closes doors, 17th to 19th centuries

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert How Much World in the World Economy? Indian Mughal Empire  Encourages trade, small European enclaves  Bought and sold goods Ottomans and Safavid  Focus internal development Russia  Outside international trade  Trade with nomads

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Expansionist Trend Mughal Empire in decline –British, French East India Trading Companies move in –British tax cotton –Manufacturing begins to decline Eastern Europe –Exports grain to the West  Prussia and Poland

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Spain and Portugal: Explorations and Colonies

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Colonial Expansion The Americas: Loosely Controlled Colonies –Spain  West Indies  1509, Panama Nunez de Balboa  Aztec, Incas conquered (Cortez and Pizzaro) Loosely supervised conquistadors  Search for gold Take tribute rather than conquer  Administration develops along with missionary activity

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert West Indian Slaveholding

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Colonial Expansion The Americas: Loosely Controlled Colonies –North America  From 17th century  French: Canada, Mississippi  Dutch, English, Atlantic seaboard  West Indies, colonized by all three

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Colonial Expansion The Americas: Loosely Controlled Colonies –North America  From 17th century  French: Canada, Mississippi  Dutch, English, Atlantic seaboard  West Indies, colonized by all three

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert French, British and Dutch Holdings

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert British and French North America: Backwater Colonies Different pattern from Latin America –Religious refugees –Land grants Canada –French establish estates  Controlled by state –Catholic church influential –1763, French relinquish Canada, Mississippi

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert British and French North America: Backwater Colonies Little merging of natives and immigrants Enlightenment ideas popular

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert North America and Western Civilization European-style family European economic, political ideas Seven Years War/French and Indian War

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Africa and Asia: Coastal Trading Stations Barriers: climate, disease, geography Angola –Portuguese slaving expeditions South Africa –1652, Dutch found Cape Town  way station –Settlers move into interior  Conflicts with natives

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Africa and Asia: Coastal Trading Stations Asia –Spain into Philippines  Conversion –Indonesia  Dutch East India Company Also Taiwan briefly

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Africa and Asia: Coastal Trading Stations French and British fight for control of India –1744, war begins –British win out

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Impact on Western Europe Hostilities between countries exacerbated Seven Years War –First global war

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Impact of a New World Order Slave trade affects Africa Latin America, eastern Europe –affected by slavery, serfdom