Redox Reactions. Oxidation Reduction

GCSE Oxidation: Gain of oxygen Loss of electrons Reduction: Loss of oxygen Gain of electrons Increase in oxidation number Decrease in oxidation number

4 Experiments: 1.Burning magnesium 2.Copper in silver nitrate solution 3.Chlorine solution and potassium iodide solution 4.Exploding hydrogen Word equation Balanced symbol equation

2Mg(s) + O 2 (g)  2MgO(s) Oxidized – gains oxygen Must be a redox! Mg  Mg 2+ O  O 2- Put the e - in. +2e - Oxidized – loss of e - Reduced – gain of e -

Cu(s) + 2AgNO 3 (aq)  Cu(NO 3 ) 2 (aq) + 2Ag(s) Ag +  Ag Cu  Cu 2+ Complete the half- equations +e - +2e - Oxidized? Reduced? Oxidized – loss of e - Reduced – gain of e -

Try Question 1.

H 2 (g) + ½ O 2 (g)  H 2 O(g) Covalent! No H + or OH - Need a new definition.

GCSE Oxidation: Gain of oxygen Loss of electrons Reduction: Loss of oxygen Gain of electrons Increase in oxidation number Decrease in oxidation number

Oxidation Numbers The oxidation number of an atom in an element is zero. E.g. Mg in Mg, O in O 2.

Oxidation Numbers The oxidation numbers of atoms in a compound add up to zero. F O-2 H+1 Cl Oxidation state of C in CO 2 ? ? – 4 = 0 ? = +4 Put the +!

Oxidation Numbers The oxidation numbers of atoms in a compound add up to zero. F O-2 H+1 Cl Oxidation state of Mg in MgCl 2 ? +2

Oxidation Numbers The oxidation numbers of atoms in a compound add up to zero. F O-2 H+1 Cl Oxidation state of N in NH 3 ? -3

Oxidation Numbers The oxidation numbers of atoms in an ion add up to the charge on the ion. F O-2 H+1 Cl Oxidation state of S in SO 4 2- ? ? – 8 = -2 ? = +6

Oxidation Numbers The oxidation numbers of atoms in an ion add up to the charge on the ion. F O-2 H+1 Cl Oxidation state of S in S 2- ? -2

Oxidation Numbers The oxidation numbers of atoms in an ion add up to the charge on the ion. F O-2 H+1 Cl Oxidation state of N in NH 4 + ? -3

Try Question 2.

H 2 (g) + ½ O 2 (g)  H 2 O(g) Covalent! No H + or OH - Need a new definition.

GCSE Oxidation: Gain of oxygen Loss of electrons Reduction: Loss of oxygen Gain of electrons Increase in oxidation number Decrease in oxidation number

H 2 (g) + ½ O 2 (g)  H 2 O(g) Covalent! No H + or OH - Need a new definition O H

H 2 (g) + ½ O 2 (g)  H 2 O(g) O H Oxidized? H – increase in oxidation number Reduced? O – decrease in oxidation number

Try Question 3.

Oxidation Numbers and names To avoid any confusion when an element can have several oxidation numbers, the oxidation number is usually mentioned in the compound’s name. In names like “elementate(X)”, the number refers to “element” and not the associated oxygens. So if we look at some examples, we get the following names:- KMnO 4 potassium manganate(VII) NaClO 3 sodium chlorate(V) POCl 2 Fphosphorus(V) oxydichlorofluoride NaH 2 PO 3 sodium dihydrogenphosphate(III) K 2 Cr 2 O 7 potassium dichromate(VI) Check the numbers.

Try any 3 in Question 7.

Well done!