Laely Nurhidayah Indonesian Institute of Sciences–LIPI (Jakarta) IUCN Colloquium 7-12 September 2015

Introduction 17,000 islands, 86,700 square kilometers of coral reefs, and 24,300 square kilometers of mangrove areas, and supporting nearly 230 million people. Indonesia owns high diversity of coral reef that comprises about 590 species (82 genus) stony coral, 210 species soft coral and 350 species gorgonian. Wide Sea Grass km2 area and rare species

Problems Marine ecosystems have suffered loss of biodiversity Over-exploitation and destructive fishing practices Habitat Change Climate change Pollution

Legal Framework Ratified UNCLOS Law No 17/1985 Ratified the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (UNCBD) into Law No. 5 in 1994 Law No 5/1990 on Conservation of natural resources and its ecosystem The Law No. 31/2004 on Fisheries law and amended by the Law No. 45/2009 The Law No. 27/2007 and amended by Law No. 1/2014 on Management of Coastal and Small Islands The Law No 32/2014 on Marine Affairs

Definitions Sustainable use" means the use of components of biological diversity in a way and at a rate that does not lead to the long-term decline of biological diversity, thereby maintaining its potential to meet the needs and aspirations of present and future generations. (CBD) Protected area" means a geographically defined area which is designated or regulated and managed to achieve specific conservation objectives.

The Law 31/2004 amended by the Law No 45/2009 on fisheries law provide a legal basis for achieving sustainable fisheries, establishing marine reserves and improving the well-being of small scale fishers. The Law No. 27/2007 has been amended by Law No 1/2014 is intended to provide a legal basis for sustainable coastal management which based on participative, multi- stakeholders planning and integrate social, economic and cultural of the society into management of coastal resources. Indonesia enacted law No. 32/2014 on Marine Affairs which intended to provide legal basis to achieve sustainable ocean, seas, and marine resources through integrated coastal zone management between sectors

Fisheries Law recognizes adat law/traditional knowledge in fisheries management Law 27/2007 Zoning. Prohibition coral reef mining, bomb blast fishing, destructive fishing gear, cut mangrove and sea grass, sand mining. Law No 1/2014 the recognition of community / adat tenure rights (art 21) The establishment of Bakamla (coast guard) Sea law no 23/2014 and Presidential Regulation no. 178/2014

Opportunities MPAs (Target to 2020 about 20 million ha marine conservation area) Currently have ha initiated and managed by the Ministry of Forestry and the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries and local government, local community. MPA Networks –CTI Government adopted more policy in favour of conservation and sustainable fisheries with two Ministry of Fisheries Regulations: No 1/2015 on lobster, crab and blue crab catch and No 2/2015 on the ban of trawls and seine nets

Challenges Combat IUU Fishing – sink the vessel policy Integrate between conservation and food security and sustainable livelihood in MPAs MPAs to get support from local community and benefit local community

Way Forward MPAs with supported by community and be able to give an optimal benefit to the community Blue Economy Policy article 14 Law No 32/2014 for sustainable marine and fisheries ICM (Integrated Coastal Zone Management) Community Based Coastal Management

Conclusion The best way to protect marine biodiversity is to involve multiple stakeholders and integrate three dimension of sustainable development include implementing poverty alleviation program and providing infrastructure, health, education to community. Law enforcement