Industrial Revolution: Inventions and Innovations

Copy Down Vocabulary Labor Union – group of workers that try to improve working conditions/wages Proletariat – those who do manual labor and work for wages; working class Bourgeoisie – educated middle class Urbanization –growth of cities and migration of people into them Strike - to refuse to work in order to force an employer to meet certain demands

Essential Question What inventions came about during the Industrial Revolution and how did they change things?

Spinning Jenny Invention that made it quicker to produce yarn Demand for cotton and slaves increase Invented in 1764 by James Hargreaves.

Steam Engine It is a heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam as its working fluid. Replaced human energy Perfected by James Watt in the 1760s

Steamboat Ships now use steam engines instead of relying on the wind or manpower Transports goods and raw materials quicker and cheaper b/c it can hold more

Bessemer Process - Steel Process that takes iron and produces steel which is stronger and more flexible Get bridges, trains, and eventually skyscrapers Developed in England in the 1850s. Involves blowing compressed air on molten iron (1250 °C) to get out carbon and impurities – creates steel

Brooklyn Bridge - 1883

Electric Light Bulb Can light streets, homes, and most of all, factories Factories can stay open longer – more production

Railroads/Locomotives Shipment of goods/materials – people can receive fresh food/more food in cities Transportation of people Will boost other industries because trains need metals, timber, coal, etc… Started off as large carts attached to a steam engine. One of the most important inventions in the Industrial Revolution for all countries

The Factory System Built close to and powered by water Used unskilled labor Bad working conditions/long hours Goal: PROFIT

Overall Changes & Effects Mass production of goods Unskilled labor used Urbanization – growth of cities Movement of people