Underground Coal Gasification

Outlines Pakistan’s Coal Reserves Thar Coal Potential UCG Process Site Pictures The Future Road Map

Pakistan’s Coal Reserves

Pakistan’s Coal Reserves Sindh 185,457 million ton Punjab 235 million ton Balochistan 217 million ton KPK 90 million ton Azad Kashmir 9 million ton Thar

Thar Coal Potential

Sindh Coal Reserves Map CHACHRO XII VII XI III V VI MITHI II IIIB IV VIII I IX X

SUMMARY Thar Coalfield: Is the biggest coalfield of Pakistan, Area: Spread over 9600 sq. km. Reserves: Contained over 175 billion tons of lignite coal (GSP, 2002). Discovery of Thar coal: Geological Survey of Pakistan in 1992 and remained active to end of the year 2002. SAMPLE ANALYSIS: The overall weighted chemical analysis is: The quality of coal : Lignite-B. Clay stone forms the roof as well as the floor rock of coal benches. Coal Reserves: Block – V has coal resources of 1394 Million Tons , confined to the Bara Formation. The cumulative coal thickness varies between 9 to 30 meters within the Block. Total coal reserves are equivalent to 50 billion tons of oil equivalent (more than Iran and Saudi Arabia combined oil reserves) or over 2000 TCF of Gas (42 times greater than total gas reserves discovered in Pakistan so far. Moisture 36.82 % Ash 18.92 % Volatile matter 38.24 % Fixed carbon 28.22 % Sulphur 1.2% Heat Value = 21.9 MJ / Kg 0r 3921 K cal / Kg

Worldwide UCG Experiences Coal Seam Depth and Thickness Pakistan Worldwide UCG Experiences Coal Seam Depth and Thickness Pakistan 24 - 22 - 20 - 18 - 16 - 14 - 12 - 10 - 8 - 6 - 4 - 2 - 0 - Australia Mean Seam Thickness ( m ) USA Indiana Coal Seams have Similar Thickness to Those of Europe Former USSR Europe 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 Mean Seam Depth ( m )

UCG IN THE WORLD

Netherland POLAND UK

UCG IN SOUTH AFRICA In addition to coal, the Majuba Power Station is fired by syngas produced by underground coal gasification at the nearby Majuba facility on the Majuba coalfield. The 3,000–5,000 cubic metres per hour (110,000–180,000 cu ft/h) plant was commissioned in January 2007 and the first electricity was generated from the underground coal gasification gas on 31 May 2007. Produced syngas is transported from the facility to the power station by 7-kilometre (4.3 mi) pipeline with a diameter of 600 millimetres (24 in). They plan in 2007 to build a 1,200 MW commercial generation facility.[

CHINA China has largest UCG program Since late 1980s, 16 UCG trials previous or current Chinese UCG trials utilize abandoned coal mines Vertical boreholes drilled into abandoned galleries to act as injection and production wells Commercialization Xin Wencoal mining group has six reactors with syngas used for cooking and heating A project in Shanxi Province uses UCG gas for production of ammonia and hydrogen HebeiXin’ao Group is constructing a liquid fuel production facility fed by UCG ($112 million); 100,000 ton/yr of methanol and generate 32.4 million kWh/yr Researchers investigated the two-stage UCG process proposed by Kreinin (1990) for production of hydrogen, where a system of alternating air and steam injection is used. Experiments, conducted in Woniushan Mine, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, prove feasibility to use UCG for large-scale hydrogen production (Yang et al., 2008).

UCG Project Thar Plant Complex

AIR-FIRED UCG CC COST OF ELECTRICITY ($2009)