Gene Technology Notes Genomes DNA Fingerprinting Recombinant DNA Genetic Engineering Karyotyping Pedigrees

Genome A genome is the TOTAL collection of genes an organism has. The Human Genome Project: scientists now the influence of 20,500 genes!

DNA Fingerprinting Also called DNA profiling Used to determine paternity or to find criminals with DNA left at the crime scenes Everyone’s DNA fingerprint is unique…except identical twins!

Who committed the crime?

Gel electrophoresis

Recombinant DNA Scientists use recombinant DNA technology to TRICK bacteria into making things we need Insulin (hormone) for injections is made using this process

Recombinant DNA process: The plasmid is removed from the bacterial cell A scientist uses a restriction enzyme to “cut out” part of the plasmid to create space to put the human insulin gene. Using ligase, the human insulin gene is “glued” into the plasmid. The recombinant plasmid (the newly combined DNA) is reinserted into the bacterium. The bacterium will now produce insulin and asexually reproduce to make new bacteria that do the same thing. Insulin protein is harvested and processed for injections. https://youtu.be/x2jUMG2E-ic

Genetic Engineering Used frequently in the agriculture industry Organisms that have been genetically engineered are referred to as GMO’s or Genetically Modified Organisms. Can be used to make crops drought resistant or pesticide resistant

Gone too far?? :)

Karyotyping A picture of chromosomes Helps to identify chromosomal mutations (not DNA mutations) Monosomy= 1 copy of a chromosome Trisomy=3 copies of a chromosome Caused by NON-DISJUNCTION during meiosis (when chromosome pairs fail to separate correctly)

Monosomy

Trisomy

Describe how DNA fingerprinting, Recombinant DNA technology, genetic engineering and karyotyping help benefit society. DNA fingerprinting- helps solve crimes Recombinant DNA- helps make molecules we need Genetic engineering- helps make food Karyotyping-helps identify chromosomal abnormalities