Towards a Digital Human Kathy Yelick EECS Department U.C. Berkeley

Simulation: The Third Pillar of Science Traditional scientific and engineering paradigm: 1)Do theory or paper design. 2)Perform experiments or build system. Limitations: –Too difficult -- build large wind tunnels. –Too expensive -- build a throw-away passenger jet. –Too slow -- wait for climate or galactic evolution. –Too dangerous -- drug design. Computational science paradigm: 3)Use high performance computer systems to simulate the phenomenon.

Economics of Large Scale Simulation Automotive design: –Crash and aerodynamics simulation (500+ CPUs). –Savings: approx. $1 billion per company per year. Semiconductor industry: –Device simulation and logic validation (500+ CPUs). –Savings: approx. $1 billion per company per year. Airlines: –Logistics optimization on parallel system. –Savings: approx. $100 million per airline per year. Securities industry: –Home mortgage investment and risk analysis. –Savings: approx. $15 billion per year. What about health care, which is 20% of GNP? Source: David Bailey, LBNL

From Visible Human to Digital Human Source: John Sullivan et al, WPI Source: Building 3D Models from images

Heart Simulation Calculation Developed by Peskin and McQueen at NYU –Done on a Cray C90: 1 heart-beat in 100 hours –Used for evaluating artificial heart valves –Scalable parallel version done here Implemented in a high performance Java dialect –Model also used for: Inner ear Blood clotting Embryo growth Insect flight Paper making

Simulation of a Heart

Simulation and Medicine Imagine a “digital body double” –3D image-based medical record –Includes diagnostic, pathologic, and other information Used for: –Diagnosis –Less invasive surgery-by-robot –Experimental treatments Where are we today?

Digital Human Roadmap organ 1 model scalable implementations 1 organ multiple models multiple organs 3D model construction better algorithms organ system coupled models 100x effective performance improved programmability