Understanding digital inclusion Presentation to the Measuring Deprivation Advisory Group, The Scottish Government Wednesday 6 January 2016 Dr Peter Matthews

Contents Causes –Socio-economic –Demographic –Cultural Issue of utility Patterns in Scotland Challenges around indicators Criteria for indicators Possible indicators

Causes Socio-economic gradient –Price of hardware –Price of subscriptions Demographic –Age gradient –“Digital natives” Cultural –Neighbourhood effects?

Utility ‘"Effective Use" of ICTs might be defined as: The capacity and opportunity to successfully integrate ICTs into the accomplishment of self or collaboratively identified goals. …the challenge with ICTs is not simply to provide passive "access" to the technology but rather to provide the means by which individuals in their communities can find ways of making "effective use" of these technologies for productive, wealth creating, and transactional as well as other processes.’ Gurstein, 2003 (emphasis in original)

Utility – totem pole

Utility Social class –Literacy/appropriate use –Home-making/neighbourhood making –Technology use Gender –Gendered use Matthews, P. (2015). "Neighbourhood Belonging, Social Class and Social Media - Providing Ladders to the Cloud." Housing Studies 30(1): (Available Gold OA) Matthews, P. (2015, in press). "Social media, community development and social capital." Community Development Journal. (available Gold OA online first)

Scotland – SHS 2015 Socio-economic gradient

Scotland – SHS 2015 Neighbourhood deprivation

Scotland – SHS 2015 Demographics

Scotland – SHS 2015 Culture?

SHS 2015 Rurality no longer an issue Access figures/use figures Devices

Ofcom market report

Challenges on indicators Device ownership Quality of connection Type of use Rapid change

Criteria for indicators Accurate to datazone level Regularly updated (annually) Captures inclusion “Inclusive use”?

Possible indicators Admin data –Telecoms companies? –Government accounts/logins –Anti-Universal Credit? (access offline) – hics/iuc14/default/BTTTFTT/10/- 0.15/51.52/ ( hics/iuc14/default/BTTTFTT/10/- 0.15/51.52/

Thanks Poverty and social networks