ECE201 Lect-131 Circuits with Dependent Sources (2.8) Dr. S. M. Goodnick September 24, 2003
ECE201 Lect-132 Circuits with Dependent Sources Strategy: Apply KVL and KCL, treating dependent source(s) as independent sources. Determine the relationship between dependent source values and controlling parameters. Solve equations for unknowns.
ECE201 Lect-133 Example: Inverting Amplifier The following circuit is a (simplified) model for an inverting amplifier created from an operational amplifier (op-amp). It is an example of negative feedback.
ECE201 Lect-134 Inverting Amplifier 1k +–+– 4k 10k +–+– + – VfVf V s =100V f 10V I Apply KVL around loop: -10V + 1k I + 4k I + 10k I V f = 0
ECE201 Lect-135 Inverting Amplifier Applying KVL yielded: -10V + 1k I + 4k I + 10k I V f = 0 Get V f in terms of I: V f + 10k I + 100V f = 0 V f = -(10k 101) I
ECE201 Lect-136 Inverting Amplifier Solve for I: I = mA Solve for V f : V f = V Solve for source voltage: V s = V
ECE201 Lect-137 Amplifier Gain Repeat the previous example for a gain of 1000 Answer: V s = V
ECE201 Lect-138 Another Amplifier 1k 4k 100nF + – VfVf V s =100V f 10V 0 I Find the output voltage V s for this circuit, assuming a frequency of =5000 +–+– +–+–
ECE201 Lect-139 Find Impedances 1k 4k -j2k + – VfVf V s =100V f 10V 0 I +–+– +–+– Apply KVL around loop: -10V 0 + 1k I + 4k I - j2k I V f = 0
ECE201 Lect-1310 Another Amplifier KVL provided: -10V 0 + 1k I + 4k I - j2k I V f = 0 Get V f in terms of I: V f - j2k I V f = 0 V f = (j2k I
ECE201 Lect-1311 Another Amplifier Solve for I: I = 2mA 0.2 Solve for V f : V f = 39.6mV 90.2 Solve for source voltage: V s = 3.96V 90.2
ECE201 Lect-1312 Transistor Amplifier A small-signal linear equivalent circuit for a transistor amplifier is the following: Find V X 3k 6k + – VXVX 5mA 5 V X
ECE201 Lect-1313 Apply KCL at the Top Node 5mA = V X /6k + 5 V X + V X /3k 5mA = 1.67 V X + 5 V X V X V X =5mA/(1.67 ) V X =5V
ECE201 Lect-1314 Class Examples Learning Extension E2.17 Learning Extension E2.18