Lesson Objective Key Words Lesson outcomes Hypothetical Categorical Imperatives Freedom To evaluate the differences between the Hypothetical and Categorical.

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Presentation transcript:

Lesson Objective Key Words Lesson outcomes Hypothetical Categorical Imperatives Freedom To evaluate the differences between the Hypothetical and Categorical imperatives. To explain the differences between the Hypothetical and Categorical imperatives. To describe the differences between the Hypothetical and Categorical imperatives. To explore Kant’s imperatives. A B C

Lesson Objective Key Words Lesson outcomes To evaluate the differences between the Hypothetical and Categorical imperatives. To explain the differences between the Hypothetical and Categorical imperatives. To describe the differences between the Hypothetical and Categorical imperatives. A B C A B C Hypothetical Categorical Imperatives Freedom To evaluate the differences between the Hypothetical and Categorical imperatives. To explain the differences between the Hypothetical and Categorical imperatives. To describe the differences between the Hypothetical and Categorical imperatives. To explore Kant’s imperatives.

Lesson Objective Key Words Lesson outcomes What did we study last lesson? Each person must say something new which we learned? A B C Hypothetical Categorical Imperatives Freedom To evaluate the differences between the Hypothetical and Categorical imperatives. To explain the differences between the Hypothetical and Categorical imperatives. To describe the differences between the Hypothetical and Categorical imperatives. To explore Kant’s imperatives.

Lesson Objective Key Words Lesson outcomes The Good Will and Duty In the search for intrinsic ‘good’, Kant did not believe that any outcome was inherently good. Pleasure or happiness could result out of the most evil acts. He also did not believe in ‘good’ character traits, as ingenuity, intelligence, courage etc. could all be used for evil. In fact, he used the term good to describe the ‘good will’, by which he meant the resolve to act purely in accordance with one’s duty. He believed that, using reason, an individual could work out what one’s duty was. A B C Hypothetical Categorical Imperatives Freedom To evaluate the differences between the Hypothetical and Categorical imperatives. To explain the differences between the Hypothetical and Categorical imperatives. To describe the differences between the Hypothetical and Categorical imperatives. To explore Kant’s imperatives.

Lesson Objective Key Words Lesson outcomes A B C Free Will, God and Immortality If our actions are pre-determined and we merely bounce around like snooker-balls, we cannot be described as free and morality doesn’t apply to us. Kant could not prove that we are free – rather, he presumed that we could act morally, and for this to be the case we must be free. He also thought that it followed that there must be a God and life after death, otherwise morality would make no sense. Hypothetical Categorical Imperatives Freedom To evaluate the differences between the Hypothetical and Categorical imperatives. To explain the differences between the Hypothetical and Categorical imperatives. To describe the differences between the Hypothetical and Categorical imperatives. To explore Kant’s imperatives.

Lesson Objective Key Words Lesson outcomes A B C  Imperatives are instructions; they tell us what to do. Kant distinguished between two types of imperative: hypothetical and categorical. Hypothetical Categorical Imperatives Freedom To evaluate the differences between the Hypothetical and Categorical imperatives. To explain the differences between the Hypothetical and Categorical imperatives. To describe the differences between the Hypothetical and Categorical imperatives. To explore Kant’s imperatives.

Lesson Objective Key Words Lesson outcomes A B C Hypothetical imperatives tell you what to do in order to achieve a particular goal: “If you want to have enough money to buy a new phone, then get a job”; “If you don’t want to go to prison, then don’t steal cars”. If (you want) x, then (do) y Hypothetical Categorical Imperatives Freedom To evaluate the differences between the Hypothetical and Categorical imperatives. To explain the differences between the Hypothetical and Categorical imperatives. To describe the differences between the Hypothetical and Categorical imperatives. To explore Kant’s imperatives.

Lesson Objective Key Words Lesson outcomes A B C Categorical imperatives, unlike hypothetical imperatives, tell us what to do irrespective of our desires. Morality doesn’t say “If you want to stay out of prison, then don’t steal cars”; it says “Don’t steal cars!” We ought not to steal cars whether we want to stay out of prison or not. In other words, do y (because y is the right thing to do). Hypothetical Categorical Imperatives Freedom To evaluate the differences between the Hypothetical and Categorical imperatives. To explain the differences between the Hypothetical and Categorical imperatives. To describe the differences between the Hypothetical and Categorical imperatives. To explore Kant’s imperatives.

Lesson Objective Key Words Lesson outcomes A B C Maxims and the 3 formulations of the categorical imperative When you understand the importance of reason, duty and intrinsic worth in Kant, you may ask, “how can know what is right or what our duty is?” Kant proposes that we apply 3 rules to our thinking. These should then produce a categorical imperative that we can follow. First we must produce a maxim e.g. “I will lie”. A maxim expresses an intention to act. It is a short pithy statement. Hypothetical Categorical Imperatives Freedom To evaluate the differences between the Hypothetical and Categorical imperatives. To explain the differences between the Hypothetical and Categorical imperatives. To describe the differences between the Hypothetical and Categorical imperatives. To explore Kant’s imperatives.

Lesson Objective Key Words Lesson outcomes A B C Categorical Imperative first formulation Act only on that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it should become universal law Categorical Imperative second formulation Act in such a way that you always treat humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of any other, never simply as a means, but always at the same time as an end. Categorical Imperative second formulation Every rational being must so act as if he were through his maxims always a law- making member in the universal kingdom of ends Hypothetical Categorical Imperatives Freedom To evaluate the differences between the Hypothetical and Categorical imperatives. To explain the differences between the Hypothetical and Categorical imperatives. To describe the differences between the Hypothetical and Categorical imperatives. To explore Kant’s imperatives.

Lesson Objective Key Words Lesson outcomes A B C Intrinsic vs Instrumental worth For Kant, all humans have their own worth and intrinsic value (as opposed to a consequentialist approach, that humans have value insofar as they are useful) Your intrinsic worth holds in all given situations; i.e. there will never come a time, in Kantian Ethics, where your worth becomes instrumental (where you would instead have value because of your usefulness) Hypothetical Categorical Imperatives Freedom To evaluate the differences between the Hypothetical and Categorical imperatives. To explain the differences between the Hypothetical and Categorical imperatives. To describe the differences between the Hypothetical and Categorical imperatives. To explore Kant’s imperatives.

Lesson Objective Key Words Lesson outcomes A B C There is a long and complicated list of positives and negatives for both forms of imperatives. This will not however, allow you to truly understand their complexity and idealism. Complete the diary for the imperatives. Hypothetical Categorical Imperatives Freedom To evaluate the differences between the Hypothetical and Categorical imperatives. To explain the differences between the Hypothetical and Categorical imperatives. To describe the differences between the Hypothetical and Categorical imperatives. To explore Kant’s imperatives.

Lesson Objective Key Words Lesson outcomes A B C Good will is the highest form of good, not concerned with consequences or self-interest. Good behaviour is where you may act morally, but your intention is not of good nature. Hypothetical Categorical Imperatives Freedom To evaluate the differences between the Hypothetical and Categorical imperatives. To explain the differences between the Hypothetical and Categorical imperatives. To describe the differences between the Hypothetical and Categorical imperatives. To explore Kant’s imperatives.

Lesson Objective Key Words Lesson outcomes A B C Without freedom. Good Will becomes meaningless. It is the people who do not perform good will acts, that make those that do, good willed. Hypothetical Categorical Imperatives Freedom To evaluate the differences between the Hypothetical and Categorical imperatives. To explain the differences between the Hypothetical and Categorical imperatives. To describe the differences between the Hypothetical and Categorical imperatives. To explore Kant’s imperatives.

Lesson Objective Key Words Lesson outcomes A B C Write a paragraph explaining 1)Why the categorical is the most important imperative, rather than Hypothetical? 2)Do you believe that we should be measured Intrinsically or Instrumentally? Hypothetical Categorical Imperatives Freedom To evaluate the differences between the Hypothetical and Categorical imperatives. To explain the differences between the Hypothetical and Categorical imperatives. To describe the differences between the Hypothetical and Categorical imperatives. To explore Kant’s imperatives.

Lesson Objective Key Words Lesson outcomes A B C A B C Hypothetical Categorical Imperatives Freedom To evaluate the differences between the Hypothetical and Categorical imperatives. To explain the differences between the Hypothetical and Categorical imperatives. To describe the differences between the Hypothetical and Categorical imperatives. To explore Kant’s imperatives. To evaluate the differences between the Hypothetical and Categorical imperatives. To explain the differences between the Hypothetical and Categorical imperatives. To describe the differences between the Hypothetical and Categorical imperatives.