World History III EQ: How did the Industrial Revolution take society from a domestic system to a factory system of production? Objectives: Describe how the Ind. Rev. affected people’s daily lives Examine how this impacted the economy Warm-up: Define the term “Cottage Industry” Agenda: 1. Review Hw. Questions and section review 2. Listen to any feedback from OLR interviews 3. notes 4. introduce research Homework: 1. Read section 2 ans. Questions a-c, define terms 2. Research invention. Due next Monday

Industrial – Having to do with industry, business or manufacturing Revolution – a huge change or a change in the way things are done Industrial Revolution – a change from making things by hand to making them in factories.

Historical Significance of the Industrial Revolution An ancient Greek or Roman would have been just as comfortable in Europe in 1700 because daily life was not much different – agriculture and technology were not much changed in years The Industrial Revolution changed human life drastically More was created in the last 250+ years than in the previous years of known human history

England: Birthplace of the Industrial Revolution No concrete start date for the Industrial Revolution Marked by gradual, slow changes After 1750 – these changes were noticeable first in England

Background of the Industrial Revolution Commercial Revolution –15 th, 16 th, and 17 th centuries –Europeans expanded their power worldwide –Increased geographic knowledge –Colonies in the Americas and Asia –Increased trade and commerce –Guild system could not meet the demands of increasing numbers goods

Development of the Domestic System of Production Domestic system developed in England Late 1600s-late 1800s Domestic system of production – “putting out” system –Businesspeople delivered raw materials to workers’ homes –Workers manufactured goods from these raw materials in their homes (typically articles of clothing) –Businesspeople picked up finished goods and paid workers wages based on number of items Domestic system could not keep up with demand

The Industrial Revolution  Machines were invented which replaced human labor  New energy sources were developed to power the new machinery – water, steam, electricity, oil (gas, kerosene) Some historians place advances in atomic, solar, and wind energy at the later stages of the Industrial Revolution  Increased use of metals and minerals Aluminum, coal, copper, iron, etc.

Factory System  Developed to replace the domestic system of production  Faster method of production  Workers concentrated in a set location  Production anticipated demand For example: Under the domestic system, a woman might select fabric and have a businessperson give it to a home-based worker to make into a dress. Under the factory system, the factory owner bought large lots of popular fabrics and had workers create multiple dresses in common sizes, anticipating that women would buy them.

Transportation Before the Industrial Revolution, people relied on the horse and their own feet to get around. With the invention of the steam locomotive, transportation took a huge step forward. The first two major railroad companies were the Union Pacific and Central Pacific Railroads.

Passenger carriers

An original steam engine

Steam locomotive

Leland Stanford Leland Stanford was a business tycoon, (a wealthy, powerful person in business or industry) co-founder of the Central Pacific Railroad, creator of Stanford University, and the governor of California.

Textiles With the invention of the spinning jenny and the power loom, the textile industry took off. Clothes could now be made far faster than ever before.

Spinning wheel The spinning wheel was the first invention, but it was very slow. Threads were spun one at a time, by hand. The spinning wheel was the first invention, but it was very slow. Threads were spun one at a time, by hand.

The spinning jenny The spinning jenny could spin up to eight thread at time. The spinning jenny was much faster than the spinning wheel.

The Spinning Mule The spinning mule used water power to spin the thread, which was much faster than doing it by hand. More cloth could now be made.

The Power Mule

The power loom The power loom used water power to weave cloth People could make a lot of cloth quickly. The power loom used water power to weave cloth People could make a lot of cloth quickly.

A cotton factory

Agriculture Advances in agriculture were also made. The invention of the seed drill allowed farmers to plant many more seeds much more quickly. The reaper allowed farmers to harvest their crops more efficiently. More crops could now be grown feeding an increasing population.

The seed drill

The reaper The reaper was used to cut down the harvest. As you can see, it would take a long time to do it by hand.

The mechanical reaper The mechanical reaper was a lot faster than doing the hand reaper

Transportation Before the Industrial Revolution, people relied on the horse and their own feet to get around. With the invention of the steam locomotive, transportation took a huge step forward. The first two major railroad companies were the Union Pacific and Central Pacific Railroads.

Passenger carriers

An original steam engine

Steam locomotive

Leland Stanford Leland Stanford was a business tycoon, (a wealthy, powerful person in business or industry) co-founder of the Central Pacific Railroad, creator of Stanford University, and the governor of California.

Textiles With the invention of the spinning jenny and the power loom, the textile industry took off. Clothes could now be made far faster than ever before.

Spinning wheel The spinning wheel was the first invention, but it was very slow. Threads were spun one at a time, by hand. The spinning wheel was the first invention, but it was very slow. Threads were spun one at a time, by hand.

The spinning jenny The spinning jenny could spin up to eight thread at time. The spinning jenny was much faster than the spinning wheel.

The Spinning Mule The spinning mule used water power to spin the thread, which was much faster than doing it by hand. More cloth could now be made.

The Power Mule

The power loom The power loom used water power to weave cloth People could make a lot of cloth quickly. The power loom used water power to weave cloth People could make a lot of cloth quickly.

A cotton factory

Agriculture Advances in agriculture were also made. The invention of the seed drill allowed farmers to plant many more seeds much more quickly. The reaper allowed farmers to harvest their crops more efficiently. More crops could now be grown feeding an increasing population.

The seed drill

The reaper The reaper was used to cut down the harvest. As you can see, it would take a long time to do it by hand.

The mechanical reaper The mechanical reaper was a lot faster than doing the hand reaper

Steel With the invention of steel, buildings could be made much taller. Steel was much harder than iron, which would bend if made too tall. The steel industry created many new products, and led to the invention of the car.

Smoke stacks of a factory

A melting plant

Pollution One of the bad things about industrialization was pollution, as you could see in the earlier slides.

Andrew Carnegie Andrew Carnegie became a millionaire in the steel business by putting all his competitors out of business. He created U.S. Steel in Pittsburg. Andrew Carnegie became a millionaire in the steel business by putting all his competitors out of business. He created U.S. Steel in Pittsburg.

The electric light Can you imagine what life would be like without the electric light? Thomas Edison invented the electric light. Thomas Edison also invented many other things, like the phonograph.

Thomas Edison

The phonograph

Telegraph In 1844, Samuel Morse demonstrates his telegraph by sending a message to Baltimore from the chambers of the Supreme Court in Washington, DC. The message, "What hath God wrought?," marks the beginning of a new era in communication. The telegraph used dots and dashes to send messages over electric lines. These dots and dashes became known as Morse Code.

Telephone Alexander Graham Bell patented the first telephone in 1876.

John D. Rockefeller John D. Rockefeller became the richest man in the world in the oil business. He created Standard Oil Company. Oil began being used in all types of machines, like cars.

Henry Ford Henry Ford invented the first practical car, the Model T. The car had been invented earlier, but Ford was the first to make the car affordable. Henry Ford invented the first practical car, the Model T. The car had been invented earlier, but Ford was the first to make the car affordable.

Samuel Gompers With all the new businesses being created, someone needed to take care of the workers. Gompers created the American Federation of Labor, or organization of other labor unions that had bonded together to protect the rights of workers. With all the new businesses being created, someone needed to take care of the workers. Gompers created the American Federation of Labor, or organization of other labor unions that had bonded together to protect the rights of workers.

What are the similarities between Carnegie, Rockefeller, Stanford, and Ford? They were all leaders of big business

Orville and Wilber Wright The Wright brothers were the first men to successfully fly an airplane. The flight lasted only twelve seconds, but it proved men could fly.