Originally, when Rome was small, it was ruled by kings. For hundreds of years it was run by elected leaders. It became rich and powerful. The republic broke down. They gave powerful individuals control. It became an empire.

Augustus Rome’s first emperor. Rome’s first emperor. Set the following powers: Set the following powers: - declare war - raise taxes - punish lawbreakers - nominate public officials.

ROMAN LAWS Written down and kept on public display Written down and kept on public display Were supposed to help protect Romans from unfair treatment. Were supposed to help protect Romans from unfair treatment. Because everyone knew the laws, officials had to treat everyone the same. Because everyone knew the laws, officials had to treat everyone the same.

ROMAN CITIZENSHIP

Roles of Citizens Only citizens could vote or hold public office. Only citizens could vote or hold public office. Rome gave citizenship to conquered groups to keep them loyal and happy. Rome gave citizenship to conquered groups to keep them loyal and happy. Duties: Duties: - pay taxes - serve in the army

ROMAN CITIZEN RIGHTS RIGHTS Right to vote Right to vote Right to hold public office Right to hold public office DUTIES DUTIES Pay taxes Pay taxes Men served in the army when needed. Men served in the army when needed.

ROMAN CONTRIBUTIONS Engineering Engineering Architecture Architecture Art Art Philosophy Philosophy

Engineering… Built to improve life. Excellent, durable roads. Excellent, durable roads. Strong bridges. Strong bridges. Aqueducts to move water. Aqueducts to move water. Building designs that inspired later societies. Building designs that inspired later societies.

ROADS The roads have lasted for centuries and connected the empire for trade and travel. The roads have lasted for centuries and connected the empire for trade and travel.

Architecture Large and strong buildings. Columns and open spaces.

ROMAN ARCHITECTURE Architectural designs influenced buildings around the world, including here in the United States. Architectural designs influenced buildings around the world, including here in the United States.

LOS ANGELES COLISEUM

Art Realistic statues. Realistic statues. Lifelike portraits. Lifelike portraits.

Philosophy Focused on improving people’s lives. Stoic philosophy emphasizing people’s civic duty.

CHRISTIANITY SPREAD THROUGHOUT THE EMPIRE Where does the Pope live? Where does the Pope live? At first, Romans saw Christianity as a branch of an older religion, Judaism. At first, Romans saw Christianity as a branch of an older religion, Judaism. At first, officials tried to stop the spread of Christianity. At first, officials tried to stop the spread of Christianity. Then in the 300’s, an emperor became Christian. The empire became Christian. Then in the 300’s, an emperor became Christian. The empire became Christian. The heads of the church became powerful. The heads of the church became powerful.

CHRISTIANITY Romans saw Christianity as a branch of an older religion, Judaism. At first, officials tried to stop the spread of Christianity. In the 300’s, an emperor became Christian. The empire became Christian. The heads of the church became POWERFUL!

ROMAN CONTRIBUTIONS Engineering_____________________ _____________________________ Engineering_____________________ _____________________________ Architecture_____________________ _____________________________ Architecture_____________________ _____________________________ Art___________________________ _____________________________ Art___________________________ _____________________________ Philosophy______________________ _____________________________ Philosophy______________________ _____________________________

CHRISTIANITY ______________ ______________ _________________________ _______________ _______________ ______________________

ROMAN LAWS _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________

ROMAN LAWS ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ________________________ ____________________________________________________ ________________________

ROMAN CITIZEN RIGHTS RIGHTS _______________________________ _____________ _______________________________ _____________ _______________________________ _______________________________ ____ _______________________________ _______________________________ ____ DUTIES DUTIES _______________________________ _____________ _______________________________ _____________ _______________________________ _______________________________ ____ _______________________________ _______________________________ ____