The Rock Cycle Thinking about relationships among the major rock groups

Vocabulary Types of rocks: Igneous Metamorphic Sedimentary How rocks are changed: Chemical weathering Physical weathering Metamorphism Layers of the Earth: Core Mantle Crust Movement: Convection Earthquake Subduction zone Transform fault 2

Layers of the Earth 3

Plate Tectonics 4

Convection 5

6

Sea-floor Spreading 7

8 Major Rock Groups Igneous –Formed from a melt (molten rock) –Plutonic (intrusive):slow cooling and crystallization –Volcanic (extrusion): quick cooling at the surface

Sedimentary –Formed at the Earth’s surface –Clastic (Mineral Fragments or grains, clays) –Chemical (crystalline chemical/biochemical precipitates) Metamorphic –Changed by pressure, temperature and fluids. 9

Rock Cycle Recall 1. How does the center of the earth heat the oceans? Convection 2. What are the three different types of rocks? Igneous, Sedimentary, Metamorphic 10

Fig. 2.9 MAGMA

12 MAGMA Crystallization IGNEOUS

13 MAGMA IGNEOUS Plutonic Crystallization

14 MAGMA Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic Crystallization

15 MAGMA Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic Uplift Crystallization Weathering

16 MAGMA Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic SEDIMENT Uplift Crystallization Weathering SEDIMENT

17 MAGMA Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic SEDIMENT SEDIMENTARY Uplift Crystallization Weathering Erosion Transport Deposition

18 MAGMA Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic SEDIMENT SEDIMENTARY Uplift Crystallization Weathering Erosion Transport Deposition

19 MAGMA Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic SEDIMENT SEDIMENTARY METAMORPHIC Uplift Burial Increased P&T Crystallization Weathering Erosion Transport Deposition

20 MAGMA Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic SEDIMENT SEDIMENTARY METAMORPHIC Uplift Burial Increased P&T Melting Crystallization Weathering Erosion Transport Deposition Can you see any shortcuts?

21 MAGMA Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic SEDIMENT SEDIMENTARY METAMORPHIC Uplift Burial Increased P&T Melting Crystallization Weathering Erosion Transport Deposition

When magma crystallizes it forms what type of rock? Igneous When this type of rock melts it forms magma? Metamorphic 22

The rock cycle demonstrates the relationships among the three major rock groups It is powered by the interior heat of the Earth As well as earth’s momentum and… The energy from the sun It involves processes on the Earth’s surface as well as the Earth’s interior It connects the “hydrologic cycle” with the “tectonic cycle”. In Conclusion…

25 MAGMA Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic SEDIMENT SEDIMENTARY METAMORPHIC Uplift Burial Increased P&T Melting Crystallization Weathering Erosion Transport Deposition