Chapter 9- World War II Essential Question- How did the United States lead the world to victory over the Axis Nations?

I- The Axis A) By the 1930’s, dictators had established totalitarian governments in Italy and Germany 1) Totalitarianism- the government is supreme over citizens. Citizens have little/no rights. All political opposition is forbidden

B) Italy and Fascists 1) Benito Mussolini- leader of the Fascist party. 2) Elected to power promising to rebuild Italy to its former glory. Creates a totalitarian state. 3)Promised Italy would rule the Mediterranean again

C) Germany and Nazi Party 1) Adolf Hitler lead the National Socialist Party. 2) The Nazi Party was a para-military organization. They had ranks, marches, and uniforms 3)The Nazi symbol, the swastika, soon appeared all over Germany

4) The Nazi’s are elected to a majority of seats in Germany’s Parliament a) Hitler is named Chancellor

D) Adolf Hitler 1) Was a WWI combat vetrean. 2) He raged against the Treaty of Versailles’s unfair treatment of Germany 3) Said that Germany lost WWI because they were sabotaged by German Jews

4) Hitler scapegoated Jews blaming them for most of Germany’s problems 5) Hitler preached that the German people were racially superior 6) The Aryan superman, was destined to rule the world.

E) During the 1930’s Italy and Germany began to drastically increase the size of their military forces (direct violation of the Treaty of Versailles)

F) Japan 1) A council of Military Generals take over Japan’s government 2) Emperor Hirohito remains a figurehead but the military controls the government

3) Japan invades and occupies and devastates parts of China and Korea. 4) The Japanese see themselves as the most advanced civilization on Earth. 5) This mind set lead them to commit gross atrocities against their enemies

What they want Italy- to control the Mediterranean Sea and its surrounding countries Germany- to control Europe and Russia and to purify their race Japan- to control the Pacific Ocean, all its islands, China, and Korea