Chapter 8, Section 2 The Fight Against Slavery p. 296-300 Abolitionists seek an end to slavery in the United States.

8.2 section focus question: How did abolitionists try to end slavery?

Roots of the Antislavery Movement Main Idea: Soon after the American Revolution, northern states begin to do away with slavery. Several Founders opposed slavery (Franklin & Hamilton) 1780 - Pennsylvania eliminates it 1803 - Ohio 1st state to ban slavery in its state constitution By 1804, all Northern states pledge to end slavery. American Colonization Society: sends freed slaves to Africa Unsuccessful: by 1830 only 1,400 freed slaves had gone to Liberia Many religious groups, like the Quakers, oppose slavery as a moral issue. Colony of Liberia was founded in 1822. Capital is Monrovia (named after who?)

Growing Opposition to Slavery Main Idea: A growing number of people in the North begin to call for an end to slavery. The Second Great Awakening inspires abolitionists - reformers who wanted to abolish (end) slavery T. Weld & Grimke sisters William Lloyd Garrison: leading abolitionist in the North How would you try to end slavery? Launches abolitionist newspaper: “The Liberator” (quote on p. 297) Newspaper runs for 34 years Co-founds the American Anti-Slavery Society Opposes violence to end slavery (who else opposed violence?) William Lloyd Garrison (Quaker, 1805-1879)

African American Abolitionists 1829 – David Walker’s pamphlet urges slaves to rebel Remember Nat Turner? Frederick Douglass - former runaway slave, turned abolitionist leader Taught himself read & write Escapes slavery by forging a letter from his owner (1838) Speaks and writes about his experiences as a slave Friend of William Lloyd Garrison Publishes his own newspaper: the “North Star” Frederick Douglass (1818-1895)

A Former President Speaks Out John Quincy Adams introduces laws in the House of Representatives to eliminate slavery Proposes an amendment Helps slaves from the Spanish slave ship Amistad, win their freedom Acts as their lawyer before the U.S. Supreme Court Congressman John Quincy Adams (first photo of U.S. President)

The Underground Railroad Main Idea: Some abolitionists secretly work to help African Americans escape from slavery. Secret network to assist runaway slaves (helps up to 50,000) Not really underground, nor is it a railroad Working for the Underground Railroad was illegal Use code words to protect the organization Conductor: leads the fugitive slaves to freedom Station: abolitionist safe house (Levi Coffin) Packages, Freight, or Cargo: the fugitive slaves Play video

Harriet Tubman: Black Moses Escaped slave: most famous ‘conductor’ on the Underground Railroad - Helps over 300 slaves to freedom via Underground Railroad Including her family Serves for Union in Civil War Makes 19 trips South - never loses a single ‘passenger’ Slave owners offer a $40,000 reward: dead or alive Warning: next photo is brutal Harriet Tubman (1820-1913)

slave from Baton Rouge, LA. (1863) Opposing Abolition Main Idea: Many people in both the North & South defend slavery. Why would Northerners oppose abolition? Northern textile industry depends on Southern cotton Might be bad for mill owners And workers Violent Northern opposition: William Lloyd Garrison dragged through streets of Boston with a rope around his neck! Legislature of So. Carolina offers $15,000 reward for arrest & conviction of Garrison for libel. Southern Congressmen win a “gag rule” - block all discussion (even J.Q.A. is hushed, for a while) “Peter” slave from Baton Rouge, LA. (1863)

8.2 section focus question: How did abolitionists try to end slavery? Abolitionists used many different methods, including publishing books, newspapers and pamphlets; holding rallies; and helping enslaved people escape. Former slaves shared their experiences. A colony was started in Liberia. Politicians spoke out against slavery in Congress.