Nutrition Nutrition: the science that studies food and how food nourishes our bodies and influences our health Undernutrition: a diet that lacks energy or specific essential nutrients Overnutrition: a diet that has an imbalance of fats, carbohydrates and proteins or simply too much energy Malnutrition: any condition associated with undernutrition or overnutrition Maintain basic bodily functions ©2002 Learning Zone Express1

Nutrients Essential nutrients: nutrients that must come from food or nutrient supplements because they are not manufactured by the body at all or not in amounts sufficient to meet the body’s needs Macronutrients: nutrients that our bodies need in relatively large amounts to suport normal function and health (carbohydrates, fats and proteins) Micronutrients: nutrients neededin relatively small amounts to support normal health and body functions (vitamins and minerals)

Organic vs Inorganic Organic Nutrients: a nutrient that contains the element carbon Inorganic Nutrients: a nutrient that does not contain carbon carbon

The New Pyramid - Nutrition Career Development Software, Inc © 2005 The New Pyramid - Nutrition What are nutrients? Essential substances that your body needs in order to grow and stay healthy Six categories of nutrients: Carbohydrates Proteins Fats Minerals Vitamins Water © 2005 JupiterImages Corporation

Carbohydrates Function The main source of energy for our bodies 1 gram contains 4 kilocalories (17 KJ) of energy Structure Made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen Carbohydrates © 2005 JupiterImages Corporation The New Pyramid - Nutrition Career Development Software, Inc © 2005

Functions: A source of energy when our bodies are at rest 1 gram contains 9 kilocalories (37 KJ) of energy Structure: Made of carbon, hydrogen and oxgyen Include triglycerides (fats), phospholipids and sterols Fat (Lipids) © 2005 JupiterImages Corporation

More about Function Stored triglycerides (fats) in adipose (fat) tissue can be broken down for energy when no carbohydrates are available Are important for obtaining fat- soluble vitamins and essential fatty acids Fat (Lipids) © 2005 JupiterImages Corporation

Protein © 2005 JupiterImages Corporation Function: Provide the building materials your body needs to grow and repair itself Can provide energy but are not generally used for this purpose 1 gram contains 4 kilocalories (17 KJ) of energy Structure: contains hydrogen, oxygen, carbon and nitrogen Are long chains made of amino acids

Protein © 2005 JupiterImages Corporation More about Function Proteins are involved in: building new cells and tissues, maintaining the structure and strength of bone, Repairing damaged structures, and Assisting in regulating metabolism and fluid balance

©2002 Learning Zone Express10 Vitamins are organic compounds that assist in regulating many body processes such as bone and muscle tissue maintenance, immune system, vision, etc. Vitamins are either fat-soluble or water-soluable

©2002 Learning Zone Express11 Minerals are inorganic substances (no carbon) that are not broken down during digestion and absorption and are not destroyed by heat or light –Important for nearly all aspects of human health and functionMinerals actually become part of the body. –The body requires 16 minerals daily.

©2002 Learning Zone Express12 Water Inorganic nutrient vital for survival Required to maintain the proper balance of fluid both inside and outside our cells Assists in the regulation of nerve impulses, muscle contractions, nutrient transport, and excretion of wastes It is recommended that teens drink 6-8 glasses (8 fl.oz each) of water each day. This is in addition to around 4 cups of water you get from food each day.

The digestive tract: tube through which food travels Accessory organs: organs through which food never travels (liver, gall bladder and pancreas) 9. Large intestine 10. Small intestine

Seatwork/Homework Using page 404 and 405 Answer questions 1, 2 and 3 (internet required)

Carbohydrates Structure and function: Carbohydrates are sugars and starches that the body uses for ENERGY! PLANTS are the major source of carbohydrates in the food we eat. Simple Carbohydrates Sugars that are quickly digested and provide a BOOST of energy for the body Foods with LOTS of sugar: oranges, milk, cookies, candy Carbohydrates © 2005 JupiterImages Corporation The New Pyramid - Nutrition Career Development Software, Inc © 2005

Complex Carbohydrates Starches that are composed of many sugars linked together They provide the body with long-term energy since they are digested more slowly than sugars. Foods with LOTS of starch: rice, beans, potatoes Carbohydrates © 2005 JupiterImages Corporation The New Pyramid - Nutrition Career Development Software, Inc © 2005

9 of the 20 amino acids are called essential amino acids because you must obtain them from the foods you eat since your body cannot make them. Protein © 2005 JupiterImages Corporation Proteins Structure: Proteins are made from many amino acids connected together in different arrangements. Function: Provide the building materials your body needs to grow and repair itself The New Pyramid - Nutrition Career Development Software, Inc © 2005

Complete proteins: Foods containing all the essential amino acids Examples: fish, meat, eggs, milk, cheese Incomplete proteins: Foods that are missing some essential amino acids Examples: Legumes, nuts, whole grains The New Pyramid - Nutrition Career Development Software, Inc copyright 2005 Protein

Functions: ENERGY source for the body (more than carbs and proteins) Help protect and cushion vital organs as well as joints Insulate the body Structure: Fats belong to a group of organic compounds called lipids which are substances that do not dissolve in water. Fatty acids are the building blocks of fats. Fat © 2005 JupiterImages Corporation

Unsaturated fats: Contain fatty acids that are missing hydrogen atoms At room temperature, they are typically in liquid form. They are less harmful to the circulatory system than saturated fats. Foods with a lot of unsaturated fat: canola, safflower, and peanut oils Fat © 2005 JupiterImages Corporation The New Pyramid - Nutrition Career Development Software, Inc © 2005

Saturated fats: Contain fatty acids with the MAXIMUM amount of hydrogen atoms At room temperature, they are typically in solid form. Diets with TOO MUCH saturated fat have been known to cause heart disease. Foods with a lot of saturated fat: beef fat, egg yolks, dairy products The New Pyramid - Nutrition Career Development Software, Inc copyright 2005 Fat © 2005 JupiterImages Corporation

What is a calorie? The energy obtained from carbohydrates, proteins, and fats is measured in units called calories. The New Pyramid - Nutrition Career Development Software, Inc copyright 2005 Calories © 2005 JupiterImages Corporation

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