Section 1 Vocabulary/Identification  nativism  Sacco and Vanzetti  isolationism  anarchists  quota system  communism  John L. Lewis

Chapter 12 – 1 Americans Struggle with Postwar Issues

Section Objectives  Identify and describe the reaction of Americans to the belief that communism posed a threat to their way of life.  Identify the cause and effects of the quota system.  Identify and describe the conflicts between labor and management.

Many Americans Fear Communism Take Over  The U.S. Justice Department: Launched raids against those who were suspected;  Communists  Socialists  Anarchists Those suspects were;  Arrested,  Jailed  Or deported back to their country of origin

Many Americans Fear Communism Take Over  The U.S. Justice Department: raids failed to discover anyone who was communist, socialist, or anarchist.

Many Americans Fear Communism Take Over  The U.S. Justice Department:  The Ku Klux Klan (KKK) reacts The KKK uses Palmer’s claims to harass anyone who was ‘different’.  That included; African – Americans Immigrants Catholics Jews Union members Intellectuals

Many Americans Fear Communism Take Over  The Ku Klux Klan (KKK) reacts The Klan’s tactics of racial and ethnic violence turned many Americans against them, and therefore both their power and membership begins to drop.

Many Americans Fear Communism Take Over  U.S. establishes a immigration quota 1919 – 1921 immigrants increase by 650,000. Emergency Quota Act (1921) establishes a quota system to limit the number of immigrants, fearing an increase of immigrants with communist sympathies, primarily from European countries. Immigrants from Canada and Mexico increased to almost 500,000 in the 1920’s

The Effects of the Quota Act

Public Opinion Against Labor Unions Rises  Boston Police Strike Many Americans begin to rethink their support for organized labor. Many felt that the Boston police strike put Americans in danger. Some even went so far as to suggest that the union was taken over by either communist or anarchist.

Public Opinion Against Labor Unions Rises  Massachusetts Governor Calvin Coolidge takes action. Calls out the National Guard to restore order in Boston. Coolidge’s actions leads to the end of the police strike.

Public Opinion Against Labor Unions Rises  U.S. Steel workers strike Many people believed the steel company’s propaganda that linked the workers to communism. Violence breaks out at the plants, alarming the public that was unaware of the working conditions workers were forced to endure in the mills.

Public Opinion Against Labor Unions Rises  Coal miners strike Labor leader John L. Lewis called for a nation wide strike on November 1, 1919 that closed the mines for almost 2 months. Attorney General A. Palmer Mitchell obtained a court order to force the workers back to the mines.

Public Opinion Against Labor Unions Rises  President Wilson responds to the strikes. Made a personal, written plea for peace between the union and the steel companies.  Steel strike ends, workers get a shortened day to 8 hours.  However, workers are not allowed to join the union. Appointed an arbitrator to bring the coal miners and the coal companies together.  Coal miner get a 27%pay increase, but don’t get a shorter day until 1930.