Comparing Organisms

What is an organism? Organisms are living things found in the environment made of cells To be living, an organism must: Grow Take in Materials Release Energy Release Wastes Respond Reproduce

How do you classify organisms? Organisms are grouped into a classification system called kingdoms Organisms are grouped into a classification system called kingdoms Kingdom NameExample Kingdom Monera: Bacteria Kingdom Protista: Paramecium Kingdom Fungi: Molds Kingdom Plantae: Grasses Kingdom Animalia: Insects

What are organisms made of? Organisms can be made of single (one) or multiple (many) cells Organisms can be made of single (one) or multiple (many) cells Most single-celled organisms are found in the Kingdom Monera and Protista Most single-celled organisms are found in the Kingdom Monera and Protista Most multi-celled organisms are found in the other Kingdoms Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia Most multi-celled organisms are found in the other Kingdoms Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia

Single-Celled Organisms Tiny and Microscopic Tiny and Microscopic One cell or unicellular, may have a nucleus or chloroplast or other cell structure One cell or unicellular, may have a nucleus or chloroplast or other cell structure Can be of 3 types: Can be of 3 types:Plant-likeAnimal-likeBacteria-like Reproduction: Asexually or Sexually Reproduction: Asexually or Sexually Live: Alone or in Colonies Live: Alone or in Colonies Movement: Some move, others do not Movement: Some move, others do not

What do single-celled organisms look like? Euglena Pseudopods Blue-Green Bacteria Blue-Green Bacteria DiatomCilatesBacteria Bacteria-likeAnimal-likePlant-like

Multi-Celled Organisms Many cells or multicellular, may have nucleus, chloroplast, and mitochondria Many cells or multicellular, may have nucleus, chloroplast, and mitochondria Can be of 3 types: Can be of 3 types:PlantAnimalFungi Reproduction: Asexually or Sexually Reproduction: Asexually or Sexually Live: Alone or in Groups Live: Alone or in Groups Movement: Can move, others cannot Movement: Can move, others cannot

What do multi-celled organisms look like? T his is my first attempt at an "Online Lesson". It is not meant to stand alone, but to be a support resource. Much of the information for this lesson came from my classroom multimedia presentation created with More. This lesson is also aligned to my classroom textbook Merrill Life Science - Chapter 9. The goal of this project is to produce a web site which supports students searching for information concerning the Kingdom of Protista.. Vocabulary (Key Science Words) Some of these terms are shared with the Fungi Lesson and may not be used. algae asci basidium budding chitin cilia hyphae lichen mutualistic protists protozoa pseudopods sporongia spores sympiosis Kingdom Protista Characteristics Members of this kingdom are often microscopic (unicellular) Some protists can make their own food others cannot Some protists display much movement others little. Protista Classification Most are microscopic, one-celled organisms. Some form colonies of many cells May have qualities of both animals and plants Some make their own food through photosynthesis Many have movement Protozoans - "Animal-like" protista Algae All Those members of the protista kingdom which act like plants Algaes are also found in the Moneran and Plant kingdoms Possess more "Plant-like" characteristics Other "algaes" are grouped with the monerans and others with plants. Vary in color and often named by its color. Most live in water, some on damp surfaces Make up a large part of the plankton of the oceans All algae contain chlorophyll and carry on photosynthesis Algae Classification Euglenoids Most are unicellular Possess movement like animals Move by using whip like tail called flagellum (one only) Example Euglena Reproduces asexually Euglenoid PartsEuglenoid Parts Nucleus Chloropl asts Flagellu m Eye spot Cell membra ne Diatoms - Chrysophyta (golden algae) Golden brown algae Two part shell of silicon (glass) Food stored as oil Responsible for most oil consumed today Diatom Parts Dinoflagellates - Pyrophyta Surrounded with "plates" Has two flagella Phosphoresc ent algae Responsible for "red tides" Contains toxins Protozoans Protozoans - "Animal-like" protista All Those members of the protista kingdom which act like animals Cannot make their own food Most display a great deal of movement Protozoans Possess many "Animal-like" characteristics Particularly movement Some cannot make their own food Many relationships from - free living, parasitic, saprophytic, mutualistic Often classified by how they move Amoeba - moves with Pseudopods (false feet) Paramecium - moves with cilia Flagellates - move like the Euglena flagellum Sporozoans - produce spores Amoeba - moves with Pseudopods Phylum Sarcodina Pseudopods (false feet) projections of cytoplasm. Some surrounded by a calcium "shell" Amoeba has no definite shape Amoeba PartsAmoeba Parts Nucleus Pseudop ods Food Vacuole Cell membran e Amoeba Feeding Pseudop ods Amoeba MovementAmoeba Movement Pseudop ods Shape is constantl y changing Food is surround ed by pseudopo ds and stored in a food vacuole Amoeba Movemen t and Feeding Amoeba Reproduction Asexual reproduction Pseudopods start pulling apart Nuclear material replicates itself Pseudopods pull apart splitting the cell The nucleus splits Two smaller cells result Paramecium Moves using cilia - short hairs lining cell Ciliophora Paramecium PartsParamecium Parts Macro nucleus Micronucl eus Cilia Food Vacuole Contractil e Vacuole Oral Groove Cell membran e Other Ciliophora Stentor Vorticella Spinostomiu m Paramecium Reproduction Asexual reproduction Nuclear material replicates itself Nuclear material splits itself Cell starts pulling apart Two smaller cells result TreesHumans Mushrooms MushroomsFernsInsects Slime Molds PlantAnimalFungi

Comparing and Contrasting Single-celled One cell, unicellullar Can get food from other organisms or make their own food Reproduce asexually or sexually Live alone or in colonies Some move, others do not Multi-celled Many celled, multicellular Can get food from other organisms or make their own food Reproduce asexually or sexually Live alone or in groups Some move, others do not

Content and Image Sources: Online Protista Lesson Lessonhttp:// ml#Pseudopods Yahoo Images