Preview Chapter 2 Multiple Choice Short Response Extended Response Standardized Test Prep Chapter 2 Preview Multiple Choice Short Response Extended Response

Chapter 2 Multiple Choice Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice 1. The way in which elements bond to form compounds depends on which of the following? A. the model of the atom B. the structural formula of the compound C. the dissociation of the ions in the compound D. the number and arrangement of electrons in the atoms of the elements

Multiple Choice, continued Chapter 2 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued 1. The way in which elements bond to form compounds depends on which of the following? A. the model of the atom B. the structural formula of the compound C. the dissociation of the ions in the compound D. the number and arrangement of electrons in the atoms of the elements

Multiple Choice, continued Chapter 2 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued 2. If an atom is made up of 6 protons, 7 neutrons, and 6 electrons, what is its atomic number? F. 6 G. 7 H. 13 J. 19

Multiple Choice, continued Chapter 2 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued 2. If an atom is made up of 6 protons, 7 neutrons, and 6 electrons, what is its atomic number? F. 6 G. 7 H. 13 J. 19

Multiple Choice, continued Chapter 2 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued The graph below shows the energy in a chemical reaction as the reaction progresses. Use the graph to answer the questions that follow. 3. The amount of energy needed for this chemical reaction to begin is shown by the line rising from the reactants. What is this energy called? A. chemical energy B. electrical energy C. activation energy D. mechanical energy

Multiple Choice, continued Chapter 2 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued The graph below shows the energy in a chemical reaction as the reaction progresses. Use the graph to answer the questions that follow. 3. The amount of energy needed for this chemical reaction to begin is shown by the line rising from the reactants. What is this energy called? A. chemical energy B. electrical energy C. activation energy D. mechanical energy

Multiple Choice, continued Chapter 2 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued The graph below shows the energy in a chemical reaction as the reaction progresses. Use the graph to answer the questions that follow. 4. Suppose that this reaction needs a catalyst to proceed. In the absence of a catalyst, the activation energy would be which of the following? F. larger than what is shown G. the same as what is shown H. smaller than what is shown J. not much different from what is shown

Multiple Choice, continued Chapter 2 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued The graph below shows the energy in a chemical reaction as the reaction progresses. Use the graph to answer the questions that follow. 4. Suppose that this reaction needs a catalyst to proceed. In the absence of a catalyst, the activation energy would be which of the following? F. larger than what is shown G. the same as what is shown H. smaller than what is shown J. not much different from what is shown

Multiple Choice, continued Chapter 2 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued The graph below shows the energy in a chemical reaction as the reaction progresses. Use the graph to answer the questions that follow. 5. What is an aqueous solution that contains more hydroxide ions than hydronium ions called? A. a gas B. a base C. a solid D. an acid

Multiple Choice, continued Chapter 2 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued The graph below shows the energy in a chemical reaction as the reaction progresses. Use the graph to answer the questions that follow. 5. What is an aqueous solution that contains more hydroxide ions than hydronium ions called? A. a gas B. a base C. a solid D. an acid

Multiple Choice, continued Chapter 2 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued 6. Oxidation : loss :: reduction : F. win G. gain H. take J. forfeit

Multiple Choice, continued Chapter 2 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued 6. Oxidation : loss :: reduction : F. win G. gain H. take J. forfeit

Multiple Choice, continued Chapter 2 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued The illustration below is a space-filling model of water. Use the model to answer the following question. 7. The covalent bonds on the water molecule depicted in the picture above has partial positive charges on the hydrogen atom and a partial negative charge on the oxygen atom. What do the partial positive and partial negative charges on this water molecule mean? A. Water is an ion. B. Water is a polar molecule. C. Water needs a proton and two electrons to be stable. D. Oxygen atoms and hydrogen atoms have opposite charges. [

Multiple Choice, continued Chapter 2 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued The illustration below is a space-filling model of water. Use the model to answer the following question. 7. The covalent bonds on the water molecule depicted in the picture above has partial positive charges on the hydrogen atom and a partial negative charge on the oxygen atom. What do the partial positive and partial negative charges on this water molecule mean? A. Water is an ion. B. Water is a polar molecule. C. Water needs a proton and two electrons to be stable. D. Oxygen atoms and hydrogen atoms have opposite charges.

Chapter 2 Short Response Standardized Test Prep Short Response Covalent bonding is a sharing of electrons between atoms. Why do some atoms share electrons?

Short Response, continued Chapter 2 Standardized Test Prep Short Response, continued Covalent bonding is a sharing of electrons between atoms. Why do some atoms share electrons? Answer: Sharing electrons achieves a stable number of electrons in the orbitals that correspond to the highest energy level for each atom.

Chapter 2 Extended Response Standardized Test Prep Extended Response Pure water contains equal numbers of hydronium ions and hydroxide ions and is therefore a neutral solution. Part A What is the initial cause of the dissociation of water molecules into hydrogen and hydroxide ions? Explain the process. Part B After water dissociates, hydronium ions are formed. Explain this process.

Extended Response, continued Chapter 2 Standardized Test Prep Extended Response, continued Answer: Part A Water molecules collide as they move about. Some collisions result in the loss of a hydrogen nucleus. Thus, the water molecule gives rise to a hydrogen ion and a hydroxide ion. Part B The hydrogen ion from the initial dissociation of water combines with another water molecule to form a hydronium ion.