Chapter 5-3 Warm - Up 1. What is the difference between an ionic and covalent bond? 1. What is the difference between an ionic and covalent bond? 2. What type of bond is this: 2. What type of bond is this: 3. What is a polyatomic ion? 3. What is a polyatomic ion? 4. What is the difference between ite and ate? 4. What is the difference between ite and ate?

Chapter 5-3 The Structure of Matter Compound Names and Formulas

Common Cations The name of the cation is just like the name of the element The name of the cation is just like the name of the element

Common Anions Anion are similar to the element in them but the ending is changed Anion are similar to the element in them but the ending is changed Combination of elements Combination of elements

Determining the Charge of a Transition Metal Cation How can you tell that the iron ion in Fe 2 O 3 has a charge of 3 + ? How can you tell that the iron ion in Fe 2 O 3 has a charge of 3 + ? Oxide has a charge O2 - Oxide has a charge O2 - 3 x 2 - = 6 - charge 3 x 2 - = 6 - charge Total positive charge must be 6 + Total positive charge must be 6 + Fe must be 3 + Fe must be x 3 + = x 3 + = 6 +

Writing Formulas for Ionic Compounds What is the chemical formula for aluminum fluoride? What is the chemical formula for aluminum fluoride? 1. Aluminum ion: Al Aluminum ion: Al Fluoride ion: F - 2. Fluoride ion: F - 3. Al 3+ F - 3. Al 3+ F - 4. Least common multiple of 3 and 1 = 3 4. Least common multiple of 3 and 1 = 3 5. You need 3 positive and 3 negative charges. 5. You need 3 positive and 3 negative charges. 6. AlF 3 6. AlF 3

Practice Write the formulas for the following ionic compounds (page 161): Write the formulas for the following ionic compounds (page 161): 1. lithium oxide 1. lithium oxide 2. beryllium chloride 2. beryllium chloride 3. titanium (III) nitride 3. titanium (III) nitride 4. cobalt (III) oxide 4. cobalt (III) oxide

Naming Covalent Compounds For 2 element covalent compounds, numerical prefixes tell how many atoms of each element are in the molecule. For 2 element covalent compounds, numerical prefixes tell how many atoms of each element are in the molecule. Boron trifluoride - BF 3 Boron trifluoride - BF 3 Dinitrogen tetroxide – N 2 O 4 Dinitrogen tetroxide – N 2 O 4

Empirical Formula Empirical Formula – composition of a compound in terms of the relative numbers and kinds of atoms in the simplest ratio. Empirical Formula – composition of a compound in terms of the relative numbers and kinds of atoms in the simplest ratio. Used to determine what things are made of. Used to determine what things are made of. Emeralds are made of beryl Emeralds are made of beryl Be 3 Al 2 Si 6 O 18 Be 3 Al 2 Si 6 O 18

Determining Empirical Formulas If a 142 g sample of an unknown compound contains only the elements phosphorus and oxygen and is found to contain 62 g of P and 80 g of O. What is the empirical formula? If a 142 g sample of an unknown compound contains only the elements phosphorus and oxygen and is found to contain 62 g of P and 80 g of O. What is the empirical formula? PhosphorusOxygen 62g P x 1 mol P80 g O x 1 mol O g P g O g P g O = 2.0 mol P= 5.0 mol O = 2.0 mol P= 5.0 mol O Empirical Formula = P 2 O 5 Empirical Formula = P 2 O 5

Molecular Formula Molecular Formula – chemical formula that shows the number and kinds of atoms in a molecule Molecular Formula – chemical formula that shows the number and kinds of atoms in a molecule Doesn’t show arrangement Doesn’t show arrangement