THE FIRST PRESIDENTS: WASHINGTON & ADAMS

GEORGE WASHINGTON GEORGE WASHINGTON – 1 ST PRESIDENT Mp9ydY

WHAT IS THIS PAINTING COMMEMORATING?

Background 1.Fought in the French & Indian War 2.Commander in Chief: during Revolutionary war a.Crossing the Delaware  increase in enlistment b.Valley Forge  boost soldier morale c.Yorktown  Cornwallis surrenders (‘MERICA!) 3.Assisted in Constitutional Convention - elected president ( )

- GEORGE WASHINGTON APRIL 16, 1789 ' 'About 10 o'clock I bade farewell to Mount Vernon, to private life, and to domestic felicity; and with a mind oppressed with more anxious and painful sensations than I have words to express, set out for New York.”

Precedents: examples to follow 1.Selects a Cabinet: leaders of executive departments a.Alexander Hamilton = secretary of the treasury (Federalist/strong gov’t) b.Thomas Jefferson = sec. of state (foreign relations) Approved by the Senate!

INTERPRETING THE CONSTITUTION LOOSE CONSTRUCTION BROAD AND VAGUE INTERPRETATION OF RULES AND LAWS THAT ARE WRITTEN IN CONSTITUTION… GIVES MORE “WIGGLE ROOM” TO WHAT THE GOV’T CAN DO STRICT CONSTRUCTION POWERS OF GOV’T ARE LIMITED TO WHAT IT SAYS IN CONSTITUTION… IF IT DOESN’T SAY YOU CAN DO IT…YOU CAN’T DO IT!

2. Supports National Treasury (bank) a.debt from Rev war >>> import tariffs (taxes) to pay down debt b.federal gov’t wants to assume (take over) state’s debts and regulate their banks c.Borrow/lend $ to foreign nations (“Implied powers” for “general welfare” …States’ rights supporters see this as abuse of power!) LOOSE CONSTRUCTION!!!!

STOP – “TWO PARTY SYSTEM” READING

THE FIRST POLITICAL PARTIES _JvYYBee5kgZmxwQkH8STu7Nhttps:// _JvYYBee5kgZmxwQkH8STu7N

41. What kind of government did Hamilton favor? What kind of people supported Hamilton? What were they called? 42. What kind of government did Jefferson favor? What kind of people supported Jefferson? What were they called? What developed as a result of the differences between Hamilton & Jefferson?

3. Supports Whiskey Tax - to pay off war debt a. Whiskey was heavily taxed, this angered grain farmers who distilled their grain into whiskey 4. Asserts power! – Whiskey Rebellion a. rebels close courts and attack collectors b. Washington sends troops!... 12,000 soldiers i.Gov will not tolerate armed rebellion!!!!

What represents the rebels? What represents the gov’t? Is this cartoonist angry with a loose or strict constructionist?

5. Neutrality - don’t favor 1 side! (Britain vs. France) - George was also not a part of a political party - “Factions” threaten the unity of the republic 6. Steps Down Serves only 2 terms (precedent!) a. Declined to run in 1796: wanted to escape the turmoil of politics and set an example by walking away from power b. Farewell Address

38. What did the Whiskey Rebellion demonstrate about the power of the government under the Constitution? 39. What precedents did George Washington establish as President? 40. In his farewell address, what did Washington say about political parties and foreign alliances?

JOHN ADAMS – 2 ND PRESIDENT

Background 1. Lawyer that represented British soldiers after Boston Massacre (I LAW) 2. Vice President under Washington 3. Federalist – political party in favor of a strong Federal gov’t

Adams’ VP = Jefferson 1.Back then, 2 nd place became VP 2.TJ was a Democratic Republican political party in favor of stronger state gov’t (But Adams was a Federalist!!) 2. What might happen if the country has a President and a Vice President from different parties??

Adams’ Presidency 1. Britain and war a. French seize American trade ships and claim them to be contraband (war materials) headed to enemy country (Britain) 2. Adams sends Secretary of State to France to negotiate 3. XYZ Affair – French agents (X,Y,Z) demand $250,000 to begin negotiations a. Adams = irritated and offended!

4. Est. peacetime army (10,000 men) and builds Navy >>> taxes 5. Alien & Sedition Acts - laws intended to frighten foreigners a.Alien - Pres could deport/imprison “dangerous” aliens (foreigners) b.Sedition - Forbade people from writing/speaking out against gov’t qAt8A0W204

ADAMS BECOMES UNPOPULAR…

1800 Election Results AdamsJefferson

THOMAS JEFFERSON - 3 RD PRESIDENT

TIME OUT 43. What was the XZY Affair? What effect did the XYZ Affair have on foreign relations? 44. What were the Alien and Sedition Acts?

REVIEW VIDEOS The Constitution, The Articles, & Federalism D8&list=PL8dPuuaLjXtMwmepBjTSG593eG7Obz O7s&index=8 D8&list=PL8dPuuaLjXtMwmepBjTSG593eG7Obz O7s&index=8 Where US Politics came from &list=PL8dPuuaLjXtMwmepBjTSG593eG7ObzO7 s&index=9 &list=PL8dPuuaLjXtMwmepBjTSG593eG7ObzO7 s&index=9