Institute for Mathematical Methods in Economics Economics National transfer accounts for Austria Implications for the projections of life cycle deficits, demographic dividends and support ratio Joze Sambt University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Economics Alexia Prskawetz Vienna University of Technology and Vienna Institute of Demography
Institute for Mathematical Methods in Economics Economics Structure of the talk 1. National transfer accounts – methodology 2. National transfer accounts for Austria 3. Projections of life cycle deficit, first demographic dividend and support ratio for Austria 4. Life cycle deficit, first demographic dividend and support ratio for European NTA countries
34 countries Europe: Austria Finland France Germany Hungary Slovenia Spain Sweden United Kingdom
Institute for Mathematical Methods in Economics Economics National transfer accounts methodology
Institute for Mathematical Methods in Economics Economics Source: Andrew Mason, 2007.
Institute for Mathematical Methods in Economics Economics
Institute for Mathematical Methods in Economics Economics National transfer accounts for Austria
ESTIMATING AGE PROFILES FOR AUSTRIA DATA CES 1999/200020,028 observations for individuals 7,098 observations on households ECHP 20005,801 observations on individuals 2,644 observations on households + many additional information from health insurance, pension insurance, etc. Institute for Mathematical Methods in Economics Economics
LIFE CYCLE DEFICIT years Institute for Mathematical Methods in Economics Economics
COMPONENTS of LCD Institute for Mathematical Methods in Economics Economics
ASSET REALLOCATION Institute for Mathematical Methods in Economics Economics
Institute for Mathematical Methods in Economics Economics Projections of (a)life cycle deficit (b)first demographic dividend and (c)support ratio for Austria
Institute for Mathematical Methods in Economics Economics Population Structure Austria, 2008 Source: Eurostat
Population Structure Austria, 2023 (the year of the lowest value of the first demographic dividend) Source: Eurostat Institute for Mathematical Methods in Economics Economics
(a) PROJECTING LIFECYCLE DEFICIT Austria, ; EUROSTAT Population Projections (EUROPOP2008) Institute for Mathematical Methods in Economics Economics
PERCENTAGE INCREASE IN LCD Austria, ; EUROSTAT Population Projections (EUROPOP2008) Institute for Mathematical Methods in Economics Economics
Composition of the Lifecycle deficit (LCD) by age groups Austria, ; EUROSTAT Population Projections Institute for Mathematical Methods in Economics Economics
(b) FIRST DEMOGRAPHIC DIVIDEND GDP per capita support output per (output per effective = ratio x effective worker consumer)
Projecting the first demographic dividend Austria, ; EUROSTAT Population Projections EUROPOP2008 Institute for Mathematical Methods in Economics Economics
(c) SUPPORT RATIO Institute for Mathematical Methods in Economics Economics The demographic change implies a change in relative size of self supporting and dependent population. the support ratio : = LF / CONLF …. effective labor force CON …. effective number of consumers influenced by -> consumption needs of people of different ages -> changes in retirement age -> labor force participation rates -> earning power of those who are working Source: Cutler et al. (1999) An Aging Society: Opportunity or Challenge, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity
Alternative 1: CON1 = i=1…99 N i (common dependency ratio) Alternative 2: differentiate resource needs by age CON2 = i=1…99 S i N i (needs weighted consumption measure) Alternative 1: LF1 = i=20…64 N i (common dependency ratio) Alternative 2: LF2 = i=15…80 w i PR i N i (adjust for wages and lfpr by age) Institute for Mathematical Methods in Economics Economics
Actual and Projected Changes in Support Ratio (relative to 1990), Four Alternative Measures, Austria, , EUROPOP2008 Population Projections LF2/CON2 LF2/CON1 LF1/CON2 LF1/CON1 LF2/CON1 LF1/CON1 LF2/CON2 LF1/CON2
Institute for Mathematical Methods in Economics Economics (a) life cycle deficit, (b) first demographic dividend and (c) support ratio for European NTA countries
(a) Lifecycle deficit for EuroNTA countries Germany: 31 (27-57) Slovenia: 31 (25-55)
Lifecycle deficit for EuroNTA countries Sweden: 38 (25-62)
(b) First demographic dividend Periods of positive 1 st dem. dividend
(c) Four alternative measures of support ratio (relative to 2000) Austria Finland France Germany
Four alternative measures of support ratio (relative to 2000) HungarySlovenia Spain Sweden
END Institute for Mathematical Methods in Economics Economics