Genetics. Gregor Mendel: Father of Genetics Genetics: study of heredity Heredity: passing traits from parent to offspring Used peas to study heredity.

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Presentation transcript:

Genetics

Gregor Mendel: Father of Genetics Genetics: study of heredity Heredity: passing traits from parent to offspring Used peas to study heredity

Why Peas? 1. Several Traits 2. Control mating 3. Small, grow easily, and matures quickly

Alleles: Different versions of a gene Ex: White and Purple Flowers

Mendel’s Experiment Monohybrid Cross: One pair of contrasting traits.  Ex: Mating a plant with purple flowers with white flowers True-breeding: All offspring would have only one form of the trait  Ex: Purple-flowering plant only has purple- flowered offspring

Mendel’s Experiments

Vocabulary Dominant: Expressed in appearance (A) Recessive: Not noticeable in appearance (a) Homozygous: AA or aa Heterozygous: Aa

More Vocabulary Genotype: Genetic make up (ex: Pp) Phenotype: Appearance (ex: Purple flowers)

Laws of Heredity Law of Segregation  The two alleles for a trait separate when gametes are formed Law of Independent Assortment  Alleles of different genes separate independently of each other during meiosis

Law of Segregation Separation of alleles into separate gametes 50% chance that one allele will go into a gamete

Law of Independent Assortment

Punnett Square

Ratios

Test Cross

Dihybrid Cross: Cross that involve two traits