Introductory Criminal Analysis: Crime Prevention and Intervention Strategies Criminal Investigative Analysis: Serial Rapist

Crime Signature  MO (Modus Operandi) – necessary to commit crime and may change over time  Signature – not a necessary element and because it is part of the fantasy, it remains constant.

Pop Quiz What do you know about rape?

What percentage of men will be sexually assaulted in their lifetime?  The answer is c – actually, 1 in 33.  This is compared to 1 in 6 for females.  Also, college women are 4 times more likely to be raped than the average.  Every 2 minutes someone in the US will be sexually assaulted.

What percentage of sexual assaults is NOT reported to the police?  The answer is d. 60% go unreported. Males are the least likely to report a sexual assault, though they make up about 10% of all victims.  Those rapists, of course, never spend a day in prison. Factoring in unreported rapes, only about 6% of rapists ever serve a day in jail.  SO WHAT HAPPENS TO RAPISTS?

What percentage of rape victims know their assailant?  The answer is a – the actual number is 73%. Approximately 3/4 of rapes were committed by someone known to the victim. 73% of sexual assaults were perpetrated by a non-stranger. 38% of rapists are a friend or acquaintance. 28% are an intimate. 7% are a relative.

Attitudes concerning Rape

What do we know about Rapists?  The average age of a rapist is 31 years old.  52% are white.  22% of imprisoned rapists report that they are married.  Juveniles accounted for 16% of forcible rape arrestees in 1995 and 17% of those arrested for other sex offenses.  In 1 in 3 sexual assaults, the perpetrator was intoxicated — 30% with alcohol, 4% with drugs.  In 2001, 11% of rapes involved the use of a weapon — 3% used a gun, 6% used a knife, and 2 % used another form of weapon.  84% of victims reported the use of physical force only.

Rapists are more likely to be a serial criminal than a serial rapist.  46% of rapists who were released from prison were re-arrested within 3 years of their release for another crime.  18.6% for a violent offense.  14.8% for a property offense.  11.2% for a drug offense.  20.5% for a public-order offense.

Why do People Rape? Many people think that rape and sexual abuse is about the rapist trying to get sex. However, studies conducted with convicted rapists show that this isn't the case. Research shows that men who sexually offend often do so to gain a sense of power and authority, while women sexually offend often to either maintain or establish an emotional relationship. Sexual activity is the means by which this is achieved, not the reason for the rape.

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CIA Umbrella CIA Crime scene analysis and reconstruction Criminal personality profiling Case linkage Crime analysis behavioral perspective Equivocal death analysis Threat analysis Investigative prosecution strategies Interviewing strategies Search warrant applications

Crime Linkage: Serial Rapist  Investigators attempt to link serial rapists and their victims.  Insufficient coordination with other agencies leads to linkage blindness.

Criminal Psychological Profiling Assess crime scene behaviors Reconstruct personality typologies Unidentified offender

Criminal Investigation Analysis Rapist has own modal personality Personality most likely appearing in a series SubUmbrella Criminal profiling

Criminal Profiling Educated guess Provides specific information Type of individual Who would have committed a certain crime

= = Comparative Case Analysis: Identifying Offender’s Underlying Motivation Core behaviors Crime scene information Offender profiles Interviews MO

Core Behaviors of the Rapist Core BehaviorSignatureModus Operandi VerbalWhat offender must do to fulfill himself What offender does to commit crimes SexualOffender’s fantasy and motive Learned behavior Physical force Static and does not change Dynamic and changing

Investigative Concepts Behavioral AnalysisForensic Analysis  Core behaviors  Rituals  Signatures  DNA evidence  CODIS computer applications  Comparative case analysis  Linkage or pattern analysis  Fingerprint identification  AFIS computer applications  Criminal geographic targeting (CGT)  Trace evidence  Fibers  Shoe and tire impressions

Groth Serial Rapist Typologies

Power Reassurance (Compensatory Rapist) May have criminal record Nuance lead-up activities sexual in nature Exhibitionism Voyeurism Serves fantasies and sexual desires Prowling at night

Power Assertive or Exploitive Rapist Self-centered Poor appreciation for rights of others Poor impulse control Defective socialization Potential biological explanation for antisocial behavior Impulsive

Anger Retaliatory: Anger – Displaced Rapist Defective bonding experience with significant women Hates women Sense of injustice Feelings of betrayal Assaults are form of revenge Internalized rage

Anger Excitation: Sadistic Rapist Most dangerous Purpose is hurting victims Death scenario fantasies Torture and lust mutilation Necrophilia – desires sex with the dead Sadistic fantasies

Victim Profiling  Offender’s exact conversations with victim are significant.  Offender may refer to victim by another name during attack; for example, mother’s name.  Victim must repeat specific phrases or words to sexually arouse offender.

Investigative Support  Crime scene procedures  Offender travel relationships  Criminal profiling may provide additional information:  Weapons  Victim selection  Potential crime sites

GIS Map travel Distance of serial rapist Map potential offender residences Identify potential pick-up and dumpsite locations

DNA Profiling and Linkage Process Theory of transferCombined DNA Index System (CODIS) Genetic profiling

GIS Applications Determine offender residence Determine offender travel distance Identify potential suspects

Conclusion Criminal investigative analysis and comparative case analysis Opportunities to identify suspects Narrow range of suspects Rapist typologies and profiles Core behaviors and signature clues MO Identify offender and link related offenses