Chapter 6 THE ROAD TO REVOLUTION This chapter begins a new era in American history when people like Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, George Washington, Paul Revere, and Patrick Henry worked to end British oppression and create an independent American Republic. This new era is called the Revolutionary Era.

Big Ideas Laws are a reflection of the values and beliefs of society and provide stability and order Literature can shape social change Significant events and/or leaders can create turning points in history. Significant events within a nation can bring about a change in a nations laws and structure of government. Relationships between nations often lead to conflict Guiding Questions 1. How did British economic policies lead to the American Revolution? 2. What roles did significant individuals play in the American Revolution?

PROCLAMATION OF 1763 Proclamation by King George III, stated colonists couldn't settle West of the Appalachians. Proclamation by King George III, stated colonists couldn't settle West of the Appalachians. CAUSES: CAUSES: Pontiac’s Rebellion & French and Indian War Pontiac’s Rebellion & French and Indian War Britain wanted peace (2 expensive 2 fight natives) Britain wanted peace (2 expensive 2 fight natives) EFFECTS: EFFECTS: Colonists were FURIOUS they felt they had the right to settle land and that this was just an attempt by the British to have more control over them. Colonists were FURIOUS they felt they had the right to settle land and that this was just an attempt by the British to have more control over them. Many colonists had no land or had already bought land as an investment. Many colonists had no land or had already bought land as an investment. Many IGNORED the law! Many IGNORED the law! British was angry that colonists wouldn’t help pay for their own defense. British was angry that colonists wouldn’t help pay for their own defense.

SUGAR ACT st taxation w/out representation!!!! 1 st taxation w/out representation!!!! Taxed imported sugar, molasses, and provided harsh punishments for smuggling to avoid paying it. Taxed imported sugar, molasses, and provided harsh punishments for smuggling to avoid paying it. CAUSES: CAUSES: B needed money to pay debts from F&I War B needed money to pay debts from F&I War EFFECTS: EFFECTS: Colonists said B couldn’t tax them since they had no representation in Parliament. Colonists said B couldn’t tax them since they had no representation in Parliament. NO taxation w/out representation!!! NO taxation w/out representation!!! Upset merchants since it affected them the most. Upset merchants since it affected them the most.

QUARTERING ACT 1765 NOT A TAX!!!! Required colonists to house troops in their homes and give them supplies. NOT A TAX!!!! Required colonists to house troops in their homes and give them supplies. CAUSES: CAUSES: B wanted troops to keep peace & enforce the Proclamation of 1763 but couldn’t pay b/c of debts from F&I War. B wanted troops to keep peace & enforce the Proclamation of 1763 but couldn’t pay b/c of debts from F&I War. EFFECTS: EFFECTS: Outraged colonists that they had to house and support troops they did not want in their homes. Outraged colonists that they had to house and support troops they did not want in their homes.

STAMP ACT 1765 Taxed all paper, documents, newspapers, books, playing cards, wills, deeds to property… everything made from paper. Taxed all paper, documents, newspapers, books, playing cards, wills, deeds to property… everything made from paper. Required stamp on all documents to prove tax was paid. Required stamp on all documents to prove tax was paid. Paid for w/ silver coins which were rare and very hard for colonists to get. Paid for w/ silver coins which were rare and very hard for colonists to get. Taxed all colonists since it wasn’t a tariff. Taxed all colonists since it wasn’t a tariff.

STAMP ACT 1765 CAUSES: CAUSES: B needed money to pay for F&I War B needed money to pay for F&I War EFFECTS: EFFECTS: PROTESTS, some violent (burning the paper, attacking officials) PROTESTS, some violent (burning the paper, attacking officials) BOYCOTT (refusal to buy) British goods BOYCOTT (refusal to buy) British goods Sam Adams forms the SONS OF LIBERTY (a secret society to oppose British policies). Sam Adams forms the SONS OF LIBERTY (a secret society to oppose British policies). Was repealed (cancelled) finally in 1766 Was repealed (cancelled) finally in 1766 Patrick Henry Radical colonial leader who was very opposed to British taxes. Radical colonial leader who was very opposed to British taxes. Helped stage boycotts Helped stage boycotts Was a member of the Virginia House of Burgesses Was a member of the Virginia House of Burgesses Is famous for saying “Give me liberty or give me death!” Is famous for saying “Give me liberty or give me death!”

DECLARATORY ACT 1766 Law said Parliament had the supreme power to govern the colonies in any way it saw fit, regardless of their representative assemblies. Law said Parliament had the supreme power to govern the colonies in any way it saw fit, regardless of their representative assemblies. CAUSES: CAUSES: Britain was trying to find ways to keep power over the colonies. Britain was trying to find ways to keep power over the colonies. EFFECTS: EFFECTS: Tug of war between Britain and the colonies on who had control. Tug of war between Britain and the colonies on who had control.

TOWNSHEND ACTS 1767 Tariffs on glass, paper, lead, tea, etc. Tariffs on glass, paper, lead, tea, etc. Suspended NY’s Assembly until they agreed to house troops under the Quartering Act. Suspended NY’s Assembly until they agreed to house troops under the Quartering Act. Could be enforced by issuing search warrants (called writs of assistance) to look for smuggled goods. Could be enforced by issuing search warrants (called writs of assistance) to look for smuggled goods. CAUSES: CAUSES: B needed something to replace revenue (income) lost from Stamp Act and to pay for royal officials to be housed in colonies. B needed something to replace revenue (income) lost from Stamp Act and to pay for royal officials to be housed in colonies. EFFECTS: EFFECTS: Serious protests Serious protests Colonists thought B was going against natural rights Colonists thought B was going against natural rights More boycotts and Sons of Liberty Protests More boycotts and Sons of Liberty Protests Trade w/ B decreased as colonists started making own goods. Trade w/ B decreased as colonists started making own goods. Eventually boycotts were successful and all but tea tax was repealed. Eventually boycotts were successful and all but tea tax was repealed.

Boston Massacre Tensions between colonists and soldiers was at an all time high in Tensions between colonists and soldiers was at an all time high in Soldiers were working for extra money in their spare time and were usually taking jobs away from colonists who needed them. Soldiers were working for extra money in their spare time and were usually taking jobs away from colonists who needed them. Colonists began to resent them Colonists began to resent them A group of soldiers was being taunted by a large crowd of colonists. The crowd was throwing bottles and rocks. A group of soldiers was being taunted by a large crowd of colonists. The crowd was throwing bottles and rocks. The soldiers got scared and opened fire into the crowd killing 5 people. The soldiers got scared and opened fire into the crowd killing 5 people. This turned into a HUGE event that became a rallying cry for freedom. People looked to this incident as proof of how evil Britain was. This turned into a HUGE event that became a rallying cry for freedom. People looked to this incident as proof of how evil Britain was. Paintings of the massacre were in all the newspapers, this propaganda helped sway public opinion and support towards the colonists and away from Britain. Paintings of the massacre were in all the newspapers, this propaganda helped sway public opinion and support towards the colonists and away from Britain.

Boston Massacre The soldiers were arrested and tried in court for murder The soldiers were arrested and tried in court for murder Crispus Attucks Crispus Attucks 1 of the men killed 1 of the men killed African American African American John Adams John Adams Lawyer who defended the British soldiers for the shootings, saying they acted in self defense Lawyer who defended the British soldiers for the shootings, saying they acted in self defense Sam Adams cousin Sam Adams cousin Believed strongly that the colonies were being taken advantage of by King George but was trying to work for a peaceful solution. Believed strongly that the colonies were being taken advantage of by King George but was trying to work for a peaceful solution.

TEA ACT 1773 Gave British East India Co. control of tea trade and forced colonists to buy only this kind of tea. Gave British East India Co. control of tea trade and forced colonists to buy only this kind of tea. Before the new law, most tea was smuggled to get around paying taxes and now everyone would have to pay. Before the new law, most tea was smuggled to get around paying taxes and now everyone would have to pay. CAUSES: CAUSES: B wanted money and to show control over colonies B wanted money and to show control over colonies EFFECTS: EFFECTS: Committees of Correspondence (Sam Adams forms groups to discuss problem with Britain so no one forgets). Committees of Correspondence (Sam Adams forms groups to discuss problem with Britain so no one forgets). Boston Tea Party Boston Tea Party

Boston Tea Party Groups of colonists dressed as natives board cargo ships in Boston Harbor. Groups of colonists dressed as natives board cargo ships in Boston Harbor. They take all the tea out of the ships and dump it into the Harbor. They take all the tea out of the ships and dump it into the Harbor. They did this in protest of the Tea Act. They did this in protest of the Tea Act. Colonists were hoping to get Britain to repeal the Tea Act… instead Britain passed the Intolerable Acts to punish the colony of Massachusetts Colonists were hoping to get Britain to repeal the Tea Act… instead Britain passed the Intolerable Acts to punish the colony of Massachusetts

INTOLERABLE ACTS 1774 Also called the Coercive Acts Also called the Coercive Acts TO MAKE AN EXAMPLE OUT of Massachusetts and warn other colonies. TO MAKE AN EXAMPLE OUT of Massachusetts and warn other colonies. Closed the Port of Boston until colonists paid for destroyed tea. Closed the Port of Boston until colonists paid for destroyed tea. Got rid of many Committees of Correspondence. Got rid of many Committees of Correspondence. Let British officials accused of crimes stand trial in Britain. Let British officials accused of crimes stand trial in Britain. Let them house troops in colonies whenever and wherever they wanted to. Let them house troops in colonies whenever and wherever they wanted to.

INTOLERABLE ACTS 1774 CAUSES: CAUSES: Boston Tea Party Boston Tea Party EFFECTS: EFFECTS: First Continental Congress First Continental Congress

1 st Continental Congress Meeting held in Philadelphia in 1774 by all the colonies except Georgia, trying to decide what to do about problems with Britain. Meeting held in Philadelphia in 1774 by all the colonies except Georgia, trying to decide what to do about problems with Britain. Voted to stop all trade with Britain until they repealed the Intolerable Acts. Voted to stop all trade with Britain until they repealed the Intolerable Acts. Each colony agreed to start training militia troops in case they had to fight Britain. Each colony agreed to start training militia troops in case they had to fight Britain.

Midnight Ride Sam Adams had spies keeping watch on the British Sam Adams had spies keeping watch on the British The British moved to arrest colonial leaders in Lexington and attack and destroy a weapons depot in Concord… The British moved to arrest colonial leaders in Lexington and attack and destroy a weapons depot in Concord… As they moved their troops Paul Revere and 2 other men jumped on horseback riding throughout the night to warn colonists of the British troop’s arrival. As they moved their troops Paul Revere and 2 other men jumped on horseback riding throughout the night to warn colonists of the British troop’s arrival.

1 st Shots Fired By the rude bridge that arched the flood, Their flag to April's breeze unfurled, Here once the embattled farmers stood And fired the shot heard round the world. Ralph Waldo Emerson, 1863 This quote is talking about the firsts shots fired during the Revolutionary War… this took place in Lexington.

2 nd Continental Congress Most important accomplishment was creating the Declaration of Independence Most important accomplishment was creating the Declaration of Independence Delegates to the Second Continental Congress voted to organize a national army and appointed George Washington as its commander in chief. Delegates to the Second Continental Congress voted to organize a national army and appointed George Washington as its commander in chief.

Last attempt at peace… Olive Branch Petition Olive Branch Petition Colonial leaders wrote a petition to King George asking him to leave them alone and to restore peace. King George refused to listen to their pleas. Colonial leaders wrote a petition to King George asking him to leave them alone and to restore peace. King George refused to listen to their pleas. Common Sense Common Sense Written by Thomas Paine Written by Thomas Paine Argued that the only way to be a thriving, profitable group of colonies was to become independent from Britain. Argued that the only way to be a thriving, profitable group of colonies was to become independent from Britain. This book sold over 100,000 copies and was very influential in getting people to join the revolutionary leaders. This book sold over 100,000 copies and was very influential in getting people to join the revolutionary leaders.

Declaration of Independence Written by Thomas Jefferson Written by Thomas Jefferson "That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed." "That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed." Ensuring Unalienable Rights Ensuring Unalienable Rights Lists colonial grievances against King George III? Lists colonial grievances against King George III? Outlines what a government should be Outlines what a government should be