Eukaryotic Cells It’s what you are made of! Left side: Do NOT copy the pictures on this PowerPoint for your left side!

Organelles all Eukaryotes share Nucleus Ribosomes Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Lysosomes Vacuoles Mitochondria Cytoplasm Cytoskeleton Cell membrane While reading through this lecture think of an analogy for the cell – a city, a castle, a factory… that you can relate the jobs of the organelles to. Then use that idea for your left side of your notes.

Nucleus Contains the DNA that holds the genetic code for making proteins The DNA is held on strands called chromosomes The nucleus is surrounded by the nuclear envelope Left side: What would represent the nucleus be in your analogy?

Ribosomes Ribosomes can float freely in the cytoplasm or be attached to the endoplasmic reticulum They assemble the proteins for the cell Left side: What would represent the ribosomes be in your analogy?

Endoplasmic reticulum Lipids are made in the ER Both lipids and proteins are transported through the ER to the outside of the cell. Left side: What would represent the ER be in your analogy?

Golgi apparatus It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials These materials are either stored in the golgi apparatus or secreted out of the cell Left side: What would represent the Golgi apparatus be in your analogy?

Lysosomes Small organelles filled with enzymes The enzymes breakdown large compounds such as lipids, carbohydrates and proteins. The cell then reuses the smaller compounds to make new ones (note: “lys” means to cut) Left side: What would represent the lysosomes be in your analogy?

Vacuoles & cytoplasm Vacuoles store water, salt, proteins and carbohydratesVacuoles store water, salt, proteins and carbohydrates Vacuoles also serve as support structures in plantsVacuoles also serve as support structures in plants The cytoplasm is the fluid that fills the cell in which all the other organelles float.The cytoplasm is the fluid that fills the cell in which all the other organelles float. Left side: What would represent the cytoplasm be in your analogy?

Mitochondria Mitochondria convert chemical energy stored in food into smaller compounds Respiration occurs in the mitochondria Left side: What would represent the mitochondria be in your analogy?

Cell membrane & cytoskeleton The cell membrane (aka plasma membrane) is the boundary between the cell and it’s environment The cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments that help the cell keep its shape Left side: What would represent the cell membrane be in your analogy?

Chloroplasts Chloroplasts are found only in plant cells and a few protists Photosynthesis, the process that converts solar energy to chemical energy, occurs here Left side: What would represent the cholorplast be in your analogy?

Summary Draw your analogy (city, castle, factory…) and write both the name of the organelle and the item that represents it next to each part of the diagram. For example the castle wall would be the the cell membrane.