Breeds of Livestock Dairy – Beef – Swine - Sheep

Breeds of Dairy Cattle

Ayrshire Developed in Scotland Came to U.S. in 1822 Cows weigh 1200 lbs. Ranks 3 rd in milk production

Brown Swiss One of the oldest dairy breeds Originated in Switzerland Came to U.S. in nd in average milk production Cows weigh 1500lbs.

Guernsey Originated on island of Guernsey off the coast of France Brought to U.S. in 1831 Fourth in milk production Produces a golden colored milk Cows weigh 1100 lbs.

Holstein-Friesian Developed in the Netherlands Came to U.S. in % of all dairy cattle in the U.S. are Holstein Largest of all dairy cattle lb. cows First in milk production

Jersey Came from island of Jersey off cost of France First came to U.S. in 1815 Lowest in milk production, highest in butterfat Smallest dairy breed Cows weigh around1000 lbs.

Milking Shorthorn One of the oldest recognized breeds in the world, a segment of the Shorthorn breed Originated in northeastern England Came to U.S. (Va.) in 1783 Provided milk, meat, and transportation to pioneers Red, red & white, white, or roan in color

Beef Cattle Breeds

Angus Developed in Scotland Came to U.S. in 1873 No.1 in numbers of registered animals Always polled There is a Red Angus breed

Brahman Developed in U.S. between Brood stock came from India Used in cross- breeding programs Large hump on back and loose skin They have a high heat tolerance

Charolais One of the oldest breeds Originated in France Came to U.S. in 1936 from Mexico Very large – cows up to 1800 lbs. Used in many cross- breeding programs

Chianina Developed in Italy Came to U.S. in 1971 Used in cross- breeding programs They have black skin and white hair Largest breed of cattle. Cows up to 2400 lbs.

Gelbvieh Originated in Bavaria, southern Germany Developed during late 18th century Introduced to U.S. in 1971 Red in color Known for calving ease, mothering ability and calf growth

Hereford Developed in England. Came to U.S. in 1830s - Henry Clay More Hereford’s registered than any other breed. Easy breed to handle White color is always dominate.

Limousin Developed in France Semen shipped to Canada in 1968 Very wide horns Meat is very lean

Polled Hereford Developed in Iowa in 1901 Same as Hereford breed except no horns

Red Angus Same genetics as Angus, except red color Were registered with Black Angus herdbooks until 1917 Red Angus Assoc. of America formed in 1954

Shorthorn and Polled Shorthorn Developed in England about 1600 Came to Va. in 1783 Originally a dual purpose breed Red, white or roan in color Are good mothers

Simmental Developed in Switzerland Came to U.S. in 1969 Has no color requirement Large and docile

Texas Longhorn Developed from Spanish cattle, brought to new world by Columbus Roamed free in the southwest until after the Civil War Was replaced by new breeds in 1880s Numbers are increasing

Scotch Highland Oldest registered breed of cattle Disease resistant, lashes protect eyes from insects Long horns Even temperament Requires little shelter of feed supplements From Scottish Highlands, raised from Alaska to Texas

Belted Galloway Distinctive white belt Brought to Pennsylvania in 1959

Icelandic Found in Iceland Originated in Norway, brought in during settlement of Iceland in 10th century Selected for milking and protein percentage in milk.

Gir Zebu breed from India Long ears Long horns that sweep back and spiral Used in the development of the Brahman

Indo-Brazilian Zebu breed developed in Brazil from Originated from the Gir breed Taller and lighter muscled than the Brahman White to dark grey Very large ears

Beef Cross Breeds

Santa Gertrudis Developed on King Ranch in Texas 3/8 Brahman and 5/8 Shorthorn cross Red or cherry red in color They have loose folds of skin Hair grows short in hot weather and long in cold

Beefmaster Developed on Lasiter Ranch in Texas from Brahman-Hereford crossed with Brahman- Shorthorn Bred for six essentials: weight, conformation, milking ability, fertility, hardiness, and disposition

Droughtmaster Developed in northern Australia 1/2 Brahman x 1/2 Shorthorn Red color, honey golden to dark red Lean carcass Tick and heat resistant Calving ease, good temperament

Brangus 3/8 Brahman, 5/8 Angus Solid black and polled Calves heavier at birth and weaning than Angus Resistant to heat and humidity Produce more hair in cool climates

Other Cross Breeds Charbray Braford Brahmousin Gelbray Red Brangus

Breeds of Swine

American Landrace Developed around 1895 Long body length Ears large and drooping Sows noted for good milk production

Berkshire Developed in England Came to U.S. in 1823 Medium size hog Erect ears, short snout 6 white points

Chester White Developed in PA. Drooped ears Known for mothering ability

Duroc Developed in eastern U.S. Drooped ears Red in color One of the most popular breeds in U.S.

Hampshire Developed in England Erect ears White band circling the body Know for lean meat

Poland China Developed in Ohio Black with six white points Drooping ears One of the larger breeds of hogs Used in cross breeding programs

Spotted Breed Developed in Indiana At least 20% of body must be either black or white First known as the Spotted Poland China

Tamworth Originated in England Brought to U.S. in 1882 Red in color Lean meat Excellent mothering ability

Yorkshire Developed in England Came to U.S. in 1800s Erect ears Sometimes has black freckles

Vietnamese Potbelly Developed from a dwarf swine breed from Vietnam in the 1960s Brought to U.S from Canada in 1986 Full grown potbellied pigs weigh an average of lb. Utilized as a pet

Breeds of Sheep

Cheviot Originally from England Small and blocky White face and legs

Hampshire Developed in England Large in size, blocky type Breed is polled One of the most popular breeds

Suffolk Developed in England Came to U.S. in 1888 Has no wool on head or legs Know for production of market lambs Ranks 1 st in U.S. sheep population

Southdown One of the oldest breeds Developed in England Small and blocky Slow growth

Corriedale Developed in New Zealand Came to U.S. in 1914 First used in western states Breed is polled

Dorset Brought to Oregon by ship in 1860 White in color Medium size Both polled and horned varieties exist Second largest breed in total numbers in the U.S.