Chapter 30

Africa, 1900–1945 Few whites Horrible racism Very little improvements Increase of Christianity and Islam Rise of Nationalism

Indida 1905–1947 Diversity of India changed –English and Indian Nationalsim –25% Muslim Leaders prohibited Industrialization Indian National Congress and All-India Muslim League Amritsar Massacre –Mohandas K. (Mahatma) Gandhi Ahimsa (nonviolence) and satyagraha (the search for truth) Salt March, pulic fasting, civil disobedience 1920’s some self government WWII controversial Independence –Partition, Horrible violence

Mexico Horrible social stratification American companies began buying up land General Porfirio Diaz –The Mexican Revolution Francisco Madero Victoriana Huerta Venustiano Carranza and Alvaro Obregon “Constitutionalists” –Emiliano Zapata and Francisco (Pancho) Villa used then discarded –Constitutionalists won- Some reform Obregon Assassinated Rise of the Mexican Revolutionary Party (PRM) –More reform- Nationalized petroleum industry

Argentina Huge producer of wheat and meat Oligarquia –Controlled agriculture but did not invest in infrastructure or industry Wealth grew during post WWI boom Depression –Countries no longer wanted exports- Tariffs increased General Jose Uriburu- Military dictatorship 1943 Colonel Juan Peron- Embraced fascism –1946 -establish a populist dictatorship. –Bought the support of the masses- went broke 1952 –military coup

Brazil Similar to Argentina- Wealthy agriculture/ little investment Wealth grew during post WWI boom Depression- –Countries no longer needed exports- Tariffs increased Getulio Vargas- –Coup number 1--State sponsored industrialization –2nd coup by Vargas- Fascism