Holt McDougal Algebra Polynomials Warm Up Evaluate each expression for the given value of x. 1. 2x + 3; x = 22. x 2 + 4; x = –3 3. –4x – 2; x = –14. 7x 2 + 2x; x = 3 Identify the coefficient in each term. 5. 4x 3 6. y n 7 8. –s –5

Holt McDougal Algebra Polynomials Classify polynomials and write polynomials in standard form. Evaluate polynomial expressions. Objectives

Holt McDougal Algebra Polynomials A monomial is a number, a variable, or a product of numbers and variables with whole-number exponents. The degree of a monomial is the sum of the exponents of the variables. A constant has degree 0.

Holt McDougal Algebra Polynomials Example 1: Finding the Degree of a Monomial Find the degree of each monomial. A. 4p4q34p4q3 The degree is 7. Add the exponents of the variables: = 7. B. 7ed The degree is 2. Add the exponents of the variables: 1+ 1 = 2. C. 3 The degree is 0. Add the exponents of the variables: 0 = 0.

Holt McDougal Algebra Polynomials The terms of an expression are the parts being added or subtracted. See Lesson 1-7. Remember!

Holt McDougal Algebra Polynomials Check It Out! Example 1 Find the degree of each monomial. a. 1.5k 2 m The degree is 3. Add the exponents of the variables: = 3. b. 4x4x The degree is 1. Add the exponents of the variables: 1 = 1. c. 2c32c3 The degree is 3. Add the exponents of the variables: 3 = 3.

Holt McDougal Algebra Polynomials A polynomial is a monomial or a sum or difference of monomials. The degree of a polynomial is the degree of the term with the greatest degree.

Holt McDougal Algebra Polynomials Find the degree of each polynomial. Example 2: Finding the Degree of a Polynomial A. 11x 7 + 3x 3 11x 7 : degree 7 3x 3 : degree 3 The degree of the polynomial is the greatest degree, 7. Find the degree of each term. B. Find the degree of each term. The degree of the polynomial is the greatest degree, 4. :degree 3 :degree 4 – 5: degree 0

Holt McDougal Algebra Polynomials Check It Out! Example 2 Find the degree of each polynomial. a. 5x – 6 5x: degree 1 Find the degree of each term. The degree of the polynomial is the greatest degree, 1. b. x 3 y 2 + x 2 y 3 – x x 3 y 2 : degree 5 The degree of the polynomial is the greatest degree, 5. Find the degree of each term. – 6: degree 0 x 2 y 3 : degree 5 – x 4 : degree 42: degree 0

Holt McDougal Algebra Polynomials The terms of a polynomial may be written in any order. However, polynomials that contain only one variable are usually written in standard form. The standard form of a polynomial that contains one variable is written with the terms in order from greatest degree to least degree. The leading coefficient is the coefficient of the first term, when the equation is written in standard form.

Holt McDougal Algebra Polynomials Write the polynomial in standard form. Then give the leading coefficient. Example 3A: Writing Polynomials in Standard Form 6x – 7x 5 + 4x Find the degree of each term. Then arrange them in descending order: 6x – 7x 5 + 4x –7x 5 + 4x 2 + 6x + 9 Degree –7x 5 + 4x 2 + 6x + 9. The standard form is The leading coefficient is –7.

Holt McDougal Algebra Polynomials Write the polynomial in standard form. Then give the leading coefficient. Example 3B: Writing Polynomials in Standard Form Find the degree of each term. Then arrange them in descending order: y 2 + y 6 – 3y y 6 + y 2 – 3y Degree The standard form is The leading coefficient is 1. y 6 + y 2 – 3y.

Holt McDougal Algebra Polynomials A variable written without a coefficient has a coefficient of 1. Remember! y 5 = 1y 5

Holt McDougal Algebra Polynomials Check It Out! Example 3a Write the polynomial in standard form. Then give the leading coefficient. 16 – 4x 2 + x 5 + 9x 3 Find the degree of each term. Then arrange them in descending order: 16 – 4x 2 + x 5 + 9x 3 x 5 + 9x 3 – 4x Degree The standard form is The leading coefficient is 1. x 5 + 9x 3 – 4x

Holt McDougal Algebra Polynomials Check It Out! Example 3b Write the polynomial in standard form. Then give the leading coefficient. Find the degree of each term. Then arrange them in descending order: 18y 5 – 3y y –3y y y Degree The standard form is The leading coefficient is –3. –3y y y.

Holt McDougal Algebra Polynomials Some polynomials have special names based on their degree and the number of terms they have. Degree Name Constant Linear Quadratic or more 6 th,7 th,degree and so on Cubic Quartic Quintic NameTerms Monomial Binomial Trinomial Polynomial 4 or more 1 2 3

Holt McDougal Algebra Polynomials Classify each polynomial according to its degree and number of terms. Example 4: Classifying Polynomials A. 5n 3 + 4n Degree 3 Terms 2 5n 3 + 4n is a cubic binomial. B. 4y 6 – 5y 3 + 2y – 9 Degree 6 Terms 4 4y 6 – 5y 3 + 2y – 9 is a 6 th -degree polynomial. C. –2x Degree 1 Terms 1 – 2x is a linear monomial.

Holt McDougal Algebra Polynomials Classify each polynomial according to its degree and number of terms. Check It Out! Example 4 a. x 3 + x 2 – x + 2 Degree 3 Terms 4 x 3 + x 2 – x + 2 is a cubic polynomial. b. 6 Degree 0 Terms 1 6 is a constant monomial. c. –3y y y Degree 8 Terms 3 –3y y y is an 8th-degree trinomial.

Holt McDougal Algebra Polynomials A tourist accidentally drops her lip balm off the Golden Gate Bridge. The bridge is 220 feet from the water of the bay. The height of the lip balm is given by the polynomial –16t , where t is time in seconds. How far above the water will the lip balm be after 3 seconds? Example 5: Application Substitute the time for t to find the lip balm ’ s height. – 16t – 16(3) The time is 3 seconds. – 16(9) Evaluate the polynomial by using the order of operations. –

Holt McDougal Algebra Polynomials A tourist accidentally drops her lip balm off the Golden Gate Bridge. The bridge is 220 feet from the water of the bay. The height of the lip balm is given by the polynomial –16t , where t is time in seconds. How far above the water will the lip balm be after 3 seconds? Example 5: Application Continued After 3 seconds the lip balm will be 76 feet from the water.

Holt McDougal Algebra Polynomials Check It Out! Example 5 What if…? Another firework with a 5-second fuse is launched from the same platform at a speed of 400 feet per second. Its height is given by –16t t + 6. How high will this firework be when it explodes? Substitute the time t to find the firework ’ s height. –16t t + 6 –16(5) (5) + 6 The time is 5 seconds. –16(25) + 400(5) + 6 – Evaluate the polynomial by using the order of operations. –

Holt McDougal Algebra Polynomials Check It Out! Example 5 Continued What if…? Another firework with a 5-second fuse is launched from the same platform at a speed of 400 feet per second. Its height is given by –16t t + 6. How high will this firework be when it explodes? When the firework explodes, it will be 1606 feet above the ground.