1. How did the treatment of Loyalists change after the Declaration of Independence was issued? - harsher - imprisoned, hanged, many flee - regarded as traitors - estates confiscated and sold to finance war - about 50,000 bore arms, underused by Brits

2. What two strategies did George Washington use at the Battles of Trenton and Princeton? Trenton- Christmas night, surprise attack on Hessians Trenton- Christmas night, surprise attack on Hessians Princeton- leaves campfires lit as a trick, slip away and attack Brits Princeton- leaves campfires lit as a trick, slip away and attack Brits

"Washington Crossing the Delaware" by Emanuel Leutze

The painting, created in Dusseldorf by Emanuel Leutze ( ) around 1851, substitutes romantic effect for some historical facts. The painting, created in Dusseldorf by Emanuel Leutze ( ) around 1851, substitutes romantic effect for some historical facts. –The crossing was at night, in the midst of driving sleet and snow. The "Betsy Ross" flag (with stars in a circle) was created about six months later. –The crossing was at night, in the midst of driving sleet and snow. The "Betsy Ross" flag (with stars in a circle) was created about six months later. –Prince Whipple (a legendary black patriot depicted in this scene) was in Baltimore during December of –Prince Whipple (a legendary black patriot depicted in this scene) was in Baltimore during December of Prince WhipplePrince Whipple –James Monroe (one of Washington's trusted scouts and advisors shown holding the flag) was not (according to historical records) in the General's boat that night. Notwithstanding, this work of art has become an iconic American treasure

3. Explain 2 reasons the Battle of Saratoga was a turning point in the American war for independence. 1) revived colonial cause 2) convinced French to ally with U.S. since they thin the U.S. can win, French alliance helped assure independence

4. How did fear influence France’s decision to enter the war? Explain the connection. France feared that if England regained the 13 colonies, it might join the colonies to seize the French West Indies. The French felt they were better off to fight with the Americans than to fight against both the British and Americans if they reconciled. After Saratoga, the British offered the Americans home-rule, which suggested reconciliation was possible. France feared that if England regained the 13 colonies, it might join the colonies to seize the French West Indies. The French felt they were better off to fight with the Americans than to fight against both the British and Americans if they reconciled. After Saratoga, the British offered the Americans home-rule, which suggested reconciliation was possible.

5. Describe the terms of the Franco-American alliance. The alliance would remain for as long as the U.S. was at war and until BOTH sides agreed to terms for peace (the U.S. later leaves the French out at the Treaty of Paris, which led to future issues with the French….) The alliance would remain for as long as the U.S. was at war and until BOTH sides agreed to terms for peace (the U.S. later leaves the French out at the Treaty of Paris, which led to future issues with the French….)

6. How did the war in the colonies become a world war? Identify the nations that got involved and sites of fighting outside of the American colonies. Spain and Holland/the Netherlands enter on the American side in 1779 Spain and Holland/the Netherlands enter on the American side in 1779 Catherine the Great (Russia) organized other European neutrals in “Armed Neutrality”, passive hostility to Britain among neutrals Catherine the Great (Russia) organized other European neutrals in “Armed Neutrality”, passive hostility to Britain among neutrals war spread to Caribbean, Asia, and South America, which made the war in North America of secondary importance to Britain war spread to Caribbean, Asia, and South America, which made the war in North America of secondary importance to Britain

7. Explain the significance of the Treaty of Fort Stanwix first treaty between U.S. and an Indian nation; the pro-British Iroquois had captured areas of PA and NY, which were ceded to the U.S. in the treaty. This begins a long trend of Indians giving up land to Americans through treaty and military defeat first treaty between U.S. and an Indian nation; the pro-British Iroquois had captured areas of PA and NY, which were ceded to the U.S. in the treaty. This begins a long trend of Indians giving up land to Americans through treaty and military defeat.

8. What role did privateers play in the war for independence? Privateers (legal pirates, whose actions were authorized by Congress) were more numerous and more damaging than the U.S. navy; brought in gold and raised morale, hurt British shipping and manufacturing and to pressure Parliament to end the war Privateers (legal pirates, whose actions were authorized by Congress) were more numerous and more damaging than the U.S. navy; brought in gold and raised morale, hurt British shipping and manufacturing and to pressure Parliament to end the war

9. Explain the significance of the Battle of Yorktown. A decisive American victory; though the war goes on for a year after, it made the British weary and ready for peace A decisive American victory; though the war goes on for a year after, it made the British weary and ready for peace

10. Who negotiated peace terms at Paris? What instructions did the Congress give the negotiators? Did they follow them? Explain. John Jay, Benjamin Franklin, and John Adams were instructed by Congress to make peace with Britain and include the French in negotiations John Jay, Benjamin Franklin, and John Adams were instructed by Congress to make peace with Britain and include the French in negotiations Jay made a separate deal with London in 1782, then finalized it in 1783 (Treaty of Paris)- left the French out, though they later approve the treaty Jay made a separate deal with London in 1782, then finalized it in 1783 (Treaty of Paris)- left the French out, though they later approve the treaty

Treaty of Paris

11. Describe the terms of the Treaty of Paris. U.S. independence U.S. independence U.S. extends to Mississippi River, Great Lakes, retains Newfoundland fisheries U.S. extends to Mississippi River, Great Lakes, retains Newfoundland fisheries Loyalists must no longer be persecuted Loyalists must no longer be persecuted Loyalist property should be restored (recommended) Loyalist property should be restored (recommended) British may collect debts in America British may collect debts in America

Treaty of Paris

12. Why did Britain agree to such liberal terms for peace? England didn’t want to U.S. and France to be buddies England didn’t want to U.S. and France to be buddies the Whigs, who opposed the King, came to power in Parliament, so they were more U.S.-friendly the Whigs, who opposed the King, came to power in Parliament, so they were more U.S.-friendly Wanted to re-open trade and put the war behind them Wanted to re-open trade and put the war behind them