Opener: October 13, 2009 In what ways did railroads connect the U.S. (physically) and connect the American population? Grab a book and find the answer to this question.

A New Industrial Age The Expansion of Industry C.C. Standards , 2.2, 2.6, 2.8, & 2.9

1. If the U.S. had been poor in natural resources (small oil, coal, and iron ore reserves), how would industrialization have been affected? (p )

Never have the oil boom Steel industry would have never been formed Imported resources would have been needed Less immigrants may have come to the U.S. due to lack of opportunity Native Americans may have suffered less discrimination Without resources inventors of the Industrial Revolution would not have had to invent so many new technologies to accommodate for increases in population and need for efficiency.

2. How did the railroads built throughout the country affect immigration in the U.S.? (Hint: who worked on the railroad & what opportunities did the railroad open?) (p. 237)

2. How did the railroads built throughout the country affect immigration in the U.S.? (Hint: who worked on the railroads & what opportunities did the railroad open?) (p. 237) Encouraged immigrants to come to U.S. for jobs in railroad Immigrants who were on the East coast could use railroads to travel to the West to find economic opportunity in mining or farming Encouraged discrimination of other races/cultures (i.e.; the Chinese) which increases intolerance due to lower social standing.

3. What were Andrew Carnegie’s management and business strategies? (p. 242)

Improve machinery and manufacturing techniques through advancement in technology and cutting costs. Attracted talented business people to work for him by offering them stock in his company Encouraged competition between his employees in all levels of business Horizontal integration: merging companies that produce similar products Vertical integration: buying out suppliers on all levels of production. Raw materials, manufacturing, and distribution

4. What does the theory of Social Darwinism advocate? How did economists use this theory to explain the opportunity for monopolies and big business? (p. 242)

Natural selection or natural law “weeds out” those individuals or businesses that are not strong enough to survive. Economists justified the doctrine of laissez faire, or little or no government regulation, using this theory. With little or no regulation, big businesses keep getting bigger. Examples of this are Standard Oil and U.S. Steel.

Big Business Ex: Standard Oil

5. What is the Populism? What was their political platform? (p. 221)

Populism is the movement of the people. Populists worked toward protecting the rights of farmers and laborers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Platform: –Increase the money supply –Graduated income tax: tax level based on income level –Federal loan program –Election of U.S. Senate by popular vote –Single terms for executive office –Secret ballot –8 hr. work day –Immigration restrictions

Source: New York Graphic, 14 August 1873

6. How does the theory of Social Darwinism differ from Populism? (p.221 & p. 242)

 Social Darwinists believe that the strong survive and the weak and meager will not.  Populists believe that government should protect the rights of the lower and middle class.

CW/HW INB Synthesis Assignment  Create your own Social Darwinism cartoon on p. 42 in your INB. The cartoon must include:  Large illustration that depicts Social Darwinism. (the majority of the page)  A clever title or slogan for you cartoon. (top of the page)  An explanation of how your cartoon is representative of Social Darwinism. (on the bottom of the page in a “Connection” box)