CHAPTER 4 Life in the English Colonies

movement in which scientists began re- examining laws that govern nature movement in which scientists began re- examining laws that govern nature

Improved upon Galileo’s refracting telescope

required colonists to do most of their trading with England. required colonists to do most of their trading with England.

The practice of creating and keeping wealth by carefully controlling trade is called The practice of creating and keeping wealth by carefully controlling trade is called

published criticism of the royal governor of New York published criticism of the royal governor of New York

A person who illegally trades in goods that are restricted or prohibited A person who illegally trades in goods that are restricted or prohibited

The voyage across the Atlantic Ocean of Africans who were to be sold as slaves The voyage across the Atlantic Ocean of Africans who were to be sold as slaves

was able to reproduce the plans of the new U.S. capital from memory after Pierre L’Enfant, the chief city planner, left. was able to reproduce the plans of the new U.S. capital from memory after Pierre L’Enfant, the chief city planner, left.

also known as the Age of Reason; during this movement, thinkers used reason to study human nature also known as the Age of Reason; during this movement, thinkers used reason to study human nature

careful examination of natural events and development of theories from experiments and observations careful examination of natural events and development of theories from experiments and observations

the widespread Christian movement in the 1730s and 1740s. the widespread Christian movement in the 1730s and 1740s.

African American astronomer who published an almanac African American astronomer who published an almanac

laborers who worked for a contracted period of time before earning their freedom laborers who worked for a contracted period of time before earning their freedom

Young boys who learned skilled trades from craftspeople Young boys who learned skilled trades from craftspeople

book by Benjamin Franklin filled with sayings, some of which are still used today book by Benjamin Franklin filled with sayings, some of which are still used today

constructed the first telescope to be made in America to observe the transit of Venus in constructed the first telescope to be made in America to observe the transit of Venus in 1769.

colonial scientist who identified positive and negative charges in electricity colonial scientist who identified positive and negative charges in electricity

scientist who confirmed that the planets revolve around the Sun scientist who confirmed that the planets revolve around the Sun

person who founded the first subscription library in the colonies and who invented the lightning rod, a type of stove, and bifocal eyeglasses person who founded the first subscription library in the colonies and who invented the lightning rod, a type of stove, and bifocal eyeglasses

Trade between nations— and sometimes between colonies—required the payment of taxes called Trade between nations— and sometimes between colonies—required the payment of taxes called

To control slaves, most of the southern colonies passed To control slaves, most of the southern colonies passed

a public church gathering where large groups of people came together to hear sermons and declare their faith. a public church gathering where large groups of people came together to hear sermons and declare their faith.

The ministers of the Great Awakening said that all people were born The ministers of the Great Awakening said that all people were born

first college founded in the English colonies first college founded in the English colonies

The case of John Peter Zenger established colonists’ right to freedom of The case of John Peter Zenger established colonists’ right to freedom of

One of the most important Christian ministers of this time he thought of God as powerful and not always kind One of the most important Christian ministers of this time he thought of God as powerful and not always kind

Crops grown mainly to be sold for profits Crops grown mainly to be sold for profits

Items purchased from other countries Items purchased from other countries

Crops that are in demand all the time Crops that are in demand all the time

Items sold to other countries Items sold to other countries