Chapter 3 Section 3 Middle Colonies

Change is Coming 1649, Charles I is beheaded 1660, Charles II, son of Charles I, becomes king

England and the Colonies Between the colony of Virginia and the New England colonies were lands the Dutch controlled.

New Netherland

New Amsterdam That’s a bargain! Located on Manhattan Island (present day New York City) Along the Hudson River Purchased from the Manhates people for beads and other goods. Excellent sea port Soon became the center of shipping to and from America

Peter Stuyvesant Governor of the colony Mean People didn’t like him When the English came to fight and take over the colony no one helped him

I Surrender! No contest King Charles II gives the colony to his brother, the Duke of York The colony is renamed New York The owner of the colony, the proprietor, makes all the decisions, owns all the lands, and controlled the government

PROMISES, PROMISES! Duke of York promised the Dutch colonists freedom of religion and allowed them to keep their property As a result, most Dutch colonists decided to remain in New York Germans, Swedes, Native Americans, and Puritans all lived in New York Included about 300 enslaved Africans New Amsterdam (New York) became one of the fastest growing locations in the colony.

Government of New York 1683 Colonists demanded a representative government like that of other colonies. Duke of York resisted the idea, but people of New York would not give up. 1691 English government allowed New York to elect a legislature.

New Jersey Southern part of New York Given to Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret Named after the island of Jersey, in England, where Carteret was born

New Jersey To attract settlers the men promised: large tracts of land Sir George Carteret To attract settlers the men promised: large tracts of land Freedom of religion Trial by jury Representative assembly Assembly would make local laws and set taxes Lord John Berkeley

William Penn

Pennsylvania Penn’s father had once given the king a lot of money Penn asked for land in America to pay the debt Was to be almost as big as England

Quakers Dissenters Pacifists Each person could experience religious truth directly Meant that church services and officials were not necessary No one was better than anyone else

Philly Philadelphia City of Brotherly Love Penn designed the city himself, making him the first town planner in America

Native American Policies Penn believed the land belonged to the Native Americans He believed they should be paid for their land

Government in Pennsylvania Penn advertised the land throughout Europe 1683, more than 3,000 English, Welsh, Irish, Dutch, and German settlers were living in Pennsylvania 1701 Charter of Liberties Penn granted colonists the right to elect representatives to the legislative assembly

Delaware Southernmost part of Pennsylvania were called the Three Lower Counties 1703 Charter of Privileges Allowed them to form their own legislature Then, they became their own colony - Delaware

Bread Basket These colonies are often called the “Bread Basket” This is because their main crops are grains which are used to make bread.