Alphabet Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Zz Yy upper- & lower-case, y is consonant & vowel

Copyright © 2015-2016. English3000.org. Letter Frequency Copyright © 2015-2016. English3000.org. All rights reserved. letter = consensus order; letter (other color) = order varies by source Letter % of 100 Proportion:1 E 12.702% 171.65 M 2.406% 32.51 T 9.056% 122.38 W 2.360% 31.89 A 8.167% 110.36 F 2.228% 30.11 O 7.507% 101.45 G 2.015% 27.23 I 6.966% 94.14 Y 1.974% 26.68 N 6.749% 91.20 P 1.929% 26.07 S 6.327% 85.50 B 1.492% 20.16 H 6.094% 82.35 V 0.978% 13.22 R 5.987% 80.91 K 0.772% 10.43 D 4.253% 57.47 J 0.153% 2.07 L 4.025% 54.39 X 0.150% 2.03 C 2.782% 37.59 Q 0.095% 1.28 U 2.758% 37.27 Z 0.074% 1 tell Students to copy down ETAOINSHR in that order as 9 most common English letters (2/3 of letters we use in English) Sources ~ http://www.cryptograms.org/letter-frequencies.php#Relative_frequencies_of_letters ; http://www.letterfrequency.org/ ; http://norvig.com/mayzner.html ; http://www.math.cornell.edu/~mec/2003-2004/cryptography/subs/frequencies.html

Copyright © 2015-2016. English3000.org. All rights reserved. Vowels Letter LONG SHORT Aa (ay) ~ bait (ay) bat (ah) Ee (ee) ~ beat (ee) bet (eh) {}_e (silent) Ii (i) ~ bite (i) bit (ih) Oo (oh) ~ boot (oo) bolt (oh) Uu (yoo) ~ brute (oo) but (uh) Yy (wi) ~ byte (i/ie) booyah (yuh) explain silent E

Copyright © 2015-2016. English3000.org. All rights reserved. Consonants Bb (bee, buh), Pp (pee, puh) Rr (ahr, ruh) Cc (cee), Kk (kay), Qq (kyoo, kuh) Ss (ehs, suh) Dd (dee, duh) Tt (tee, tuh) Ff (ehf, fuh) Vv (vee, vuh) Gg (gee, guh) Ww (double-yoo, wuh) Hh (aych, huh) Xx (ehks, ks) Jj (jay, juh) Yy (wi, yuh) Ll (ehl, luh) Zz (zee, zuh) Mm (ehm, muh), Nn (ehn, nuh) alphabet song

Copyright © 2015-2016. English3000.org. All rights reserved. Letter Combos Word Endings Word Beginnings -es/-s (makes plural) th- (teeth on tongue) -er, -est (for nouns & adj’s) sh- (teeth close, kiss) -ed/-t (for verbs, past tense) ch- (teeth close, then far) -ly (for verbs, makes adv) ph- (“fuh” sound) -ce (“sss” sound) _l-, _r-, s_- (letter) -s/-tion (“shun” sound, sch- (“sss’kuh” sound) makes verbs nouns) -acht/-aught (“awt” sound) -ing on Hand-Out