Chapter 8, Lesson 1 China Reunites It Matters Because: Ideas & innovations introduced during the Sui, Tang, & Song dynasties united China after centuries & helped it become a powerful empire.

I. The End of Ancient China A. Han dynasty ended, AD 220; China had no central government for next 300 years 1. China collapsed into separate kingdoms warlords 2. Kingdoms ruled by warlords 3. Nomadic tribes captured N. China Korean B. Korean people declared independence from Chinese rule

II. The Sui Dynasty Wendi A. In 581, general named Wendi declared himself emperor, reunited China Yangdi B. His son, Yangdi, had successes & failures 1. Tried to regain Korea & failed Great Wall 2. Rebuilt the Great Wall Grand Canal 3. Dug the Grand Canal between the Yellow & Yangtze Rivers, united China’s economy 4. Charged high taxes; farmers revolted & killed him

III. The Tang Dynasty A. In 618, one of Yangdi’s generals (name unknown) founded Tang Dynasty 1. Lasted nearly 300 years until Rulers restored strong central government Empress Wu B. Empress Wu was only woman in Chinese history to rule C. Tang Emperors took control of Tibet & the Silk Road 1. Turkish nomads eventually gained control of Silk Road

IV. The Song Dynasty A.Military leaders ruled China nearly 60 years Song Dynasty 1. In 960, an unknown general founded Song Dynasty 2. Enjoyed economic & cultural advancement B. Faced threats on their borders 1. Especially from nomads in the north

V. Buddhism in China Four Noble Truths A. Buddhists believe in the Four Noble Truths 1. To live is to suffer 2. Suffering comes from desire 3. To end suffering, end desire Eightfold Path 4. True peace comes from following the Eightfold Path Right View a. Right View - Know what it true Right Intention b. Right Intention - Free your mind of evil Right Speech c. Right Speech - Say nothing that hurts others Right Action d. Right Action - Work for the good of others Right Livelihood e. Right Livelihood - Respect life Right Effort f. Right Effort - Resist Evil Right Mindfulness g. Right Mindfulness - Control your thoughts Right Concentration h. Right Concentration - Practice meditation

B. Came to China from India in the AD 100s 1. Civil war in China led many to accept Buddhism as a path to comfort C. Buddhist monks opened schools, medical centers 1. Tang rulers feared Buddhism was undermining Confucian tradition, destroyed many temples D. Spread from China to Korea & eventually Japan V. Buddhism in China

VI. Confucian Revival A. Confucius taught good government relied on wise leadership 1. Han Dynasty filled government offices with tests based on Confucian ideas B. Tang & Song emperors encouraged revival of Confucianism 1. Emphasized China’s past, honoring family, & good citizenship 2. Believed employing educated people in government would benefit all of society