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Ectoparasites
CASE #1
Ear Mites: Otodectes cynotis
Ear Mites
Otodectes cynotis – live on skin surface in external ear canals Feed on epidermal debris Clinical Signs: Brown-black, crusty exudate Very pruritic, may have excoriations around ears
Ear Mites Diagnosis: Combine exudate w/mineral oil, observe under microscope Sometimes otoscopic exam will reveal moving debris & mites Treatment: Clean ears prior to topical medications Topical ear medications Otomite, Mitaclear, topical Ivermectin, revolution, tresaderm
Ear Mites Client info: Eggs hatch every 10 days Highly contagious, treat all animals in house No human infection
EAR MITES Revolution (selamectin) Mita clear Milbemite (Milbemycin)
CASE #2
Flea allergy dermatitis Common presentation of flea allergy dermatitis in the dog
Miliary Dermatitis Common presentation of flea allergy dermatitis in cats
Fleas Ctenocephalides felis – The cat flea is the most commonly isolated flea from dogs and cats Flea saliva highly antigenic=> flea bite allergic dermatitis Clinical Signs Scratching/biting skin Alopecia: Dog – affects base of tail and caudal thighs initially, then generalizes Cat- miliary dermatitis Flea dirt (flea feces) in hair coat Dx: Find fleas or flea dirt
The Flea Fleas are very flat from side to side. They have 3 pairs of legs. The most caudal pair is designed for jumping.
Flea Life Cycle (Ctenocephalides felis) Adult life span: 6-12 months Female produces avg. of eggs/day (up to 50) Egg production only after blood meal Incubation period: 2-12 days Larval stage (needs humidity) feed on organic material and flea waste 2 molts, then the larva pupates (spins a cocoon) Lasts usually days Pupal stage Most resistant Lasts days to months dependent on environmental factors
Flea Life Cycle
Fleas Systemic (spot-ons, injectable, tablets) Advantage (imidacloprid)- once a month spot-on; causes CNS paralysis and death of the flea Program: (Lufenuron -oral in dogs; injectable in cats); Interferes with production of chitin (hard shell) Frontline (fipronil) - once a month spot-on; causes CNS paralysis or death Sentinel (Lufenuron + milbemycin) Once a month oral tablet (also heartworm preventive); inhibits chitin formation Revolution (Selamectin) – once a month spot-on; causes CNS paralysis and death; effective for heartworms, sarcoptes, ear mites, intestinal parasites in dogs and cats Comfortis (spinosad) - once a month ORAL tablet; causes CNS paralysis and death
Fleas Client Info Treat environment and animal Fleas spend most of time off host Foggers + vacuum well Prefer animals but will feed on humans All animals must be treated Skin damage/dermatitis can occur