Unit 13: The nucleus of an atom We know that atoms are composed of electrons, protons and neutrons. Protons and neutrons together (i.e. the nucleus) are.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

-Different FORMS of an Element that occur Naturally -Have the SAME # of P and E but DIFFERENT # of N -Isotopes of an element have the SAME CHEMICAL PROPERTIES.

Advertisements

20th Century Discoveries

Properties of nucleus 26.2 Binding energy and mass defect. UNIT 26 : NUCLEUS is defined as the central core of an atom that is positively charged.

Fundamental Forces of the Universe

Nuclear Physics Lesson 13

Nuclear Binding Energy

The Atomic Nucleus and Radioactivity The nucleus is composed of particles called nucleons, which are protons and neutrons. The number of nucleons is called.

A nucleus can be specified By an atomic number and a Mass number.

Nuclear Physics Selected Topics  Properties of Nuclei.

Ch 100: Fundamentals for Chemistry Chapter 5: Early Atomic Theory & Structure Lecture Notes.

Aim: How can we explain Einstein’s energy-mass relationship? Do Now: In the nucleus of any atom, there exists protons that are tightly packed together.

Nuclear Force and Particles

Radioactive Decay.

Nuclear Physics Developed by Mr. D. Patterson.

Nuclear Chemistry By Robert Jakubek and Michael Maki.

Nuclear Physics Physics 12. Protons, Neutrons and Electrons  The atom is composed of three subatomic particles: Particle Charge (in C) Symbol Mass (in.

Text here Chapter 5. Atoms Atoms are the smallest particle of at element that have the properties of that element. Atoms are too small to be seen with.

1 Nuclear and Particle Physics. 2 Nuclear Physics Back to Rutherford and his discovery of the nucleus Also coined the term “proton” in 1920, and described.

Nuclear notation and Binding energy Contents: Atomic notation Isotopes Whiteboard Binding Energy AMU Making an atom Calculating binding energy Whiteboards.

Radiation: Particles and Energy.

Nuclear Physics and Radioactivity

Nuclear Energy and Mass Defect Lesson 5. Objectives   use the law of conservation of charge and mass number to predict the particles emitted by a nucleus.

Atomic Structure Chapter 4

Nuclear Chemistry.

1 Chemistry Chapter 3 Atomic Structure and the Nucleus World of Chemistry Zumdahl Last revision Fall 2008.

Topic – Physics 2a Mass defect and binding energy Prior learning Atomic structure Electrical forces Key words –Atomic nucleus,mass difference, mass of.

NUCLEAR MASS AND ENERGY Physics 12. Clip of the day:  Minutephysics…on Einstein and uncertainty principle 

Radioactivity Chapter 25.

Radioactive Decay. What do you know about Radioactivity? 1.All atoms are made up of __________. 2.What are some radioactive isotopes? 3.Why do some isotopes/atoms.

Nuclear Stability Notes

Lecture 1 & 2 © 2015 Calculate the mass defect and the binding energy per nucleon for a particular isotope.Calculate the mass defect and the binding.

S-145 What is the difference between the terms radioactive and radiation?

Chemistry 140 Chapter 10 “Radioactivity and Nuclear Processes ”

Chapter 31: Nuclear Physics and Radioactivity

Nuclear Radiation 9.2. The Nucleus Protons and neutrons Charge of electrons and protons – x C = e –Proton +e –Electron -e.

Radioactivity Radioactivity is the spontaneous

Inorganic Chemistry May 12, Describe how the strong force attracts nucleons Relate binding energy and mass defect Predict the stability of a nucleus.

Nuclear Radiation Half-Life. What is Radiation? Penetrating rays and particles emitted by a radioactive source Result of a nuclear reaction! –Involves.

NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY THE ULTIMATE IN SPONTANEITY. Review Atomic number (Z) – number of protons Mass number (A) – sum of the protons and the neutrons Nuclides–

5.3.4 Nuclear Fission and Fusion. (a) select and use Einstein’s mass–energy equation ΔE = Δmc 2.

Nuclear Physics and Radioactivity AP Physics Chapter 30.

Nuclear Physics. Nuclear Structure Nucleus – consists of nucleons (neutrons and protons) Nucleus – consists of nucleons (neutrons and protons) Atomic.

Mass-Energy Equivalence All matter is a form of stored energy.

1 Nuclear Stability Notes “Why do protons stay together when positive charges repel each other?” The main reason is because of a force called Strong Force.

Nuclear Physics Chapter Li lithium name symbol atomic number (# of p + ) average atomic mass electrons in outer energy level.

Physics 12 Nuclear Physics 3 – Radio Activity Mr. Jean.

1 Chemistry Chapter 3 Atomic Structure and the Nucleus World of Chemistry Zumdahl Last revision Fall 2008.

Chapter 14 Section 14.1.

Nuclear notation and Binding energy Contents: Atomic notation Isotopes Whiteboard Binding Energy AMU Making an atom Calculating binding energy Whiteboards.

Nuclear Decay You will be learning: 1.What is alpha, beta, and gamma radiation. 2.Know the half-life of a radioactive material. 3.How to describe the process.

Nuclear, i.e. pertaining to the nucleus. Nucleus Most nuclei contain p + and n 0 When packed closely together, there are strong attractive forces (nuclear.

Lecture 7 The Atom and Elements Subatomic Particles Isotopes Radioactivity.

Honors Physics Chapter 25: Subatomic Physics.  Nucleons  Protons and Neutrons that Make Up the Nucleus  Atomic Number (Z)  # of Protons  Atomic Mass.

II. The Nucleus of the Atom. What makes up the nucleus of an atom? A. Compostion (Nucleons) 1. Protons a. Mass universal mass units b. Indicated.

SACE Stage 2 Physics The Structure of the Nucleus.

Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions PS-2.2: illustrate the fact that the elements exist as stable or unstable isotopes PS-2.6: compare fission and fusion.

A radioactive isotope is an atom that has a nucleus that is not stable (will change to form a nucleus of a different element). The process by which the.

Radioactive Decay.

Radioactive Decay.

Nuclear notation and Binding energy

Nuclear Physics.

Structure and Properties of the Nucleus

The Atomic Nucleus & Radioactive Decay

Fundamental Forces of the Universe

NUCLEAR PHYSICS The Basics.

Nuclear Chemistry Chapter 28.

31.1 Structure and Properties of the Nucleus

Radioactivity Chapter 18.

Binding energy Electric potential energy => Nuclear Binding energy ( a mass loss! ) What is the energy change that occurs when constituent particles come.

Presentation transcript:

Unit 13: The nucleus of an atom We know that atoms are composed of electrons, protons and neutrons. Protons and neutrons together (i.e. the nucleus) are called nucleons. Most of an atom’s mass is located in the nucleus. Radius of a nucleus is on the order of m

Unit 13: The nucleus of an atom

For Example: A= 27 Z = 13 This means that N = 14. There are 13 protons and 14 neutrons in an atom of Aluminum.

Unit 13: The nucleus of an atom Isotopes are atoms that have the same number of protons (or the same atomic number) as other atoms of the same element but that have a different number of neutrons and thus, a different atomic mass. Examples of Carbon isotopes:

Unit 13: The nucleus of an atom A nucleus is very dense. Nucleons combine to form a nucleus as though they were tightly packed spheres.

Unit 13: The nucleus of an atom Because the mass of a nucleus is extremely small, the unified mass unit, u, or the atomic mass unit, amu, is often used. 12 amu is defined as the mass of the nucleus of 1 carbon-12 atom. 1 amu = x kg.

Unit 13: The nucleus of an atom The mass of one proton = 1 amu The mass of one neutron = 1amu The mass of one electron = 5x10 -4 amu

Unit 13: The nucleus of an atom A particle has a certain amount of energy, called rest energy associated with its mass.

Unit 13: The nucleus of an atom Energy is not conserved in many nuclear processes. For this reason, we use a particle’s mass in terms of its energy equivalent in the equation:

Unit 13: The nucleus of an atom This energy is measured in electron- volts (eV). Formal definition of eV: An eV is the amount of energy gained or lost by a charge of a single electron moved across an electric potential difference of 1 V. ◦ 1 eV = 1.6x J

Unit 13: The nucleus of an atom Strong force is the interaction that binds nucleons together in a nucleus. ◦ Strong force is independent of electric charge ◦ Strong force has very short range, ~ m

Unit 13: The nucleus of an atom In order to break a nucleus apart into separated protons and neutrons, energy must be added to overcome this force’s attraction. This is the same amount of energy released when unbound nucleons come together to form a stable nucleus. This is called binding energy.

Unit 13: The nucleus of an atom This is called binding energy.

Unit 13: The nucleus of an atom The mass of the nucleons when unbound minus the mass of the nucleons when bound is called the mass defect. When nucleons bind together to form a nucleus, they lose a small amount of mass. There is a change in mass to stay bound. This mass change is released as various types of photons or other particle energy such as electromagnetic waves, gamma radiation, etc.

Unit 13: The nucleus of an atom Binding energy = mass defect * (speed of light) 2