Computer Architecture Opening Yu-Lun Kuo 郭育倫 Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Tunghai University Taichung, 40704, Taiwan R.O.C.

Syllabus Instructor – 郭育倫, Textbook –Computer Organization and Design, 4/e: The Hardware/Software Interface, Morgan Kaufmann, 2010 David A. Patterson and John L. Hennessy 3/16/20162

Syllabus References –Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach, 5 th Edition, Morgan Kaufmann, 2011 David A. Patterson and John L. Hennessy –Computer Organization and Architecture: Designing for Performance, 9 th Edition, 2012 William Stallings 3/16/20163

Why learn this stuff? Why and What is this course? What is a computer? You want to call yourself a “computer scientist” You want to build software people use (Analysis) (Performance) (Design) You need to make a purchasing decision or offer “expert” advice 3/16/20164

Why learn this stuff? Both Hardware and Software affect performance –Algorithm determines number of source-level statements –Language/Compiler/Architecture determine machine instructions (Chapter 2 and 3) –Processor/Memory determine how fast instructions are executed (Chapter 5, 6, and 7) 3/16/20165

How do computers work? Need to understand abstractions such as: –Applications software –Systems software –Assembly Language –Machine Language –Architectural Issues: i.e., Caches, Virtual Memory, Pipelining –Sequential logic, finite state machines –Combinational logic, arithmetic circuits –Boolean logic, 1s and 0s –Transistors used to build logic gates (CMOS) –Semiconductors/Silicon used to build transistors –Properties of atoms, electrons, and quantum dynamics So much to learn! 6

What is a computer? Components: –CPU (the processor(s)) –Input (mouse, keyboard) –Output (display, printer) –Memory (disk drives, DRAM, SRAM, CD) –Network Our primary focus: the processor (datapath and control) –Implemented using millions of transistors –Impossible to understand by looking at each transistor 3/16/20167

Why learn this stuff? Computer Calculator everywhere 8

Why learn this stuff? What is Computer (calculator)? 9

Why learn this stuff? CPU & Memory 10

Why learn this stuff? Storage 11

Binary System 12

Binary System Why binary? –Digital (Digit) 1 = 導電 = True = Open 0 = 不導電 = False = Close 13

Binary System Memory & Storage –128MB, 256MB, 1024MB –4GB, 8GB, 32GB TB vs. GB vs. MB vs. KB –1 TB = 1024 GB –1 GB = 1024 MB –1 MB = 1024 KB –1 KB = 1024 B 14

Arithmetic Logic Gate 15

Basic Organization of Any Computer 16 Processor Computer Control Datapath Memory Devices Input Output Keyboard Mouse Monitor Printer Disk

Computer Architecture 17 I/O systemProcessor Compiler Operating System (MS Windows) Application (IE) Digital Design Circuit Design Datapath & Control Transistors Memory Hardware Software Assembler Instruction Set Architecture Machine Organization Computer Architecture = Instruction Set Architecture + Machine Organization Computer Architecture = Instruction Set Architecture + Machine Organization

Overview 18

Textbook Contents 1: Computer Abstractions and Technology 2: Instructions: Language of the Computer 3: Arithmetic for Computers 4: Assessing and Understanding Performance 5: The Processor: Datapath and Control 6: Enhancing Performance with Pipelining 7: Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy 8: Storage, Networks, and Other Peripherals 9: Multiprocessors and Clusters 3/16/201619

Syllabus Requirements –Participants10% (if got zero…) –Team report20% (15% Presentation) –Mid-term exam30% –Final exam40% TA – 蘇奕瑋 Course website – 3/16/201620

Project Report Topic –CPU Compare different kinds of CPU architecture Ex. Mainframe, supercomputer, PC (Dual Core, Core 2 Duo, Quad-Core, Atom, CULV), ARM etc. –Storage Technology Compare different kinds of storage devices Describe develop history and technique in detail Ex. HD, SSD, RAM, flash, memory (storage) card –Any related devices (Architectures) 213/16/2016

Project Report Rules and Regulations –Write a report (format: word) (One week after the report) –Team work No more than 5 people Everyone must report (Personal Points) –Time: 20~25 minutes After mid-term exam –Tell us the contribution of member List at last slide 223/16/2016

Schedule 2/23 、 3/2 、 3/9 、 3/16 、 3/23 、 3/30 4/6 Tomb-Sweeping festival(4/4) 4/13 4/20 mid-exam 4/27 、 5/4 5/11 、 5/18 、 5/25 、 6/1 Team Report 6/8 畢業典禮 (?) 6/15 final-exam 23