UNIT IV: GLOBAL INTERACTIONS (aka The “Early Modern” Period) GLOBAL INTERACTIONS (aka The “Early Modern” Period) – Globalizing Networks of Communication and Exchange – New Forms of Social Organization and Modes of Production – State Consolidation and Imperial Expansion

Renaissance, ~1450 Central theme was an interest in classical European Civilization Central theme was an interest in classical European Civilization Arts Arts Architecture Architecture Knowledge Knowledge Major shift to the secular Major shift to the secular “Humanism” “Humanism” Begins In southern Europe and moves north Begins In southern Europe and moves north Shift in emphasis from Land powers to emphasis of sea powers Shift in emphasis from Land powers to emphasis of sea powers

The “Reformation” Challenging the power of the Catholic Church in Europe Challenging the power of the Catholic Church in Europe

Reformation Martin Luther – Monk and Professor of Theology – 1517 – 95 Theses – “Lutheranism” 1 st Protestant religion The Catholic Reaction (Catholic Reformation, aka Counter Reformation) – Council of Trent; – Ignatious Loyola & “The Society of Jesus” – Luther’s excommunication in 1521 Protestantism – Protestant “schism” – Calvin – Henry VIII & the Anglican Church

“Science” in the Middle Ages Aristotle The Catholic Church

Science unfettered The Scientific Revolution – Copernicus – Galileo – Kepler – Harvey – Newton