Clocking Super-Massive Black Hole Spin with Accuracy Observations by Suzaku unambiguously confirm the extremely broad Fe K line in MCG– We accurately quantify how far in the accretion disk reaches (< 2 gravitational radii) The presence of a Kerr, or spinning, black hole is confirmed We measure the black hole spin parameter to be 90% of maximum MCG– :

Warped Space-Time & Light-Bending Near the Black Hole in MCG– Observationally confirm that space-time very close to the black hole is "warped", a key component in Einstein's General Relatively Light paths close to the black hole can be sharply curved: photons traveling away from the accretion disk can be redirected onto the disk Confirmation made possible only via Suzaku’s broad energy coverage

Evidence for gravitational light bending around the black hole in MCG– Constant Reflection hump and iron line Suzaku lightcurve Strong iron K line and disk reflection from around a Kerr (spinning) black hole. No strong variations in iron line - gravitational light bending around a Kerr Black hole.

In MCG– , the disk is viewed at an inclination angle of 50 degrees In MCG– , the disk is viewed more face-on, at an angle of 30 degrees Suzaku can measure the geometry of the accretion disk “Face-on” Disk “Edge-on” Disk

Suzaku Black Hole Spin Measurements MCG– (no evidence for black hole spin) MCG– (spinning black hole)

Iron Line Emission From Multiple Regions of Gas Suzaku has unambiguously measured the broad and narrow iron lines. Narrow line emission denotes (low velocity) gas, distant from the black hole, far from the region of extreme gravity X-ray emission is seen both from gas very close to the black hole and gas that is distant Confirms our picture of the geometry and accretion flow in AGN Broad line Narrow line MCG

Compton Reflection hump Iron K Line X-ray Continuum Absorption from outflow  Thermal Disk Emission? Suzaku XMM/Chandra Suzaku’s Broad Bandpass