Oelze - ECE 571 Lecture 2 Biological Measurement 1 BIOE 571.

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Presentation transcript:

Oelze - ECE 571 Lecture 2 Biological Measurement 1 BIOE 571

Oelze - ECE 571 Lecture 2 I. Topics Covered Today Generation of ultrasoundGeneration of ultrasound Types of sourcesTypes of sources Importance of bandwidth to ultrasonic imagingImportance of bandwidth to ultrasonic imaging Importance of field characteristics of sources to ultrasonic imagingImportance of field characteristics of sources to ultrasonic imaging Modeling of fieldsModeling of fields

Oelze - ECE 571 Lecture 2 Single-element Transducer Wire Damping Material Crystal Acoustic Matching Layer Insulating Layer

Oelze - ECE 571 Lecture 2 Importance of Bandwidth h(t) v(t) v(t)*h(t)

Oelze - ECE 571 Lecture 2 Range Resolution T1T1T1T1 T2T2T2T2 A-mode

Oelze - ECE 571 Lecture 2 Beam Patterns

Oelze - ECE 571 Lecture 2 Imaging with a Flat Piston

Oelze - ECE 571 Lecture 2 Imaging with a Flat Piston

Oelze - ECE 571 Lecture 2 Imaging with a Flat Piston

Oelze - ECE 571 Lecture 2 Imaging with a Flat Piston

Oelze - ECE 571 Lecture 2 Imaging with a Flat Piston

Oelze - ECE 571 Lecture 2 Imaging with a Flat Piston

Oelze - ECE 571 Lecture 2 Imaging with a Flat Piston

Oelze - ECE 571 Lecture 2 B-Mode Imaging

Oelze - ECE 571 Lecture 2 B-Mode Imaging

Oelze - ECE 571 Lecture 2 B-Mode Imaging

Oelze - ECE 571 Lecture 2 B-Mode Imaging

Oelze - ECE 571 Lecture 2 B-Mode Imaging

Oelze - ECE 571 Lecture 2 B-Mode Imaging

Oelze - ECE 571 Lecture 2 B-Mode Imaging

Oelze - ECE 571 Lecture 2 B-Mode Imaging

Oelze - ECE 571 Lecture 2 B-Mode Imaging

Oelze - ECE 571 Lecture 2 B-Mode Imaging

Oelze - ECE 571 Lecture 2 B-Mode Imaging

Oelze - ECE 571 Lecture 2 B-Mode Imaging

Oelze - ECE 571 Lecture 2 B-Mode Imaging

Oelze - ECE 571 Lecture 2 B-Mode Imaging

Oelze - ECE 571 Lecture 2 Array Transducers

Oelze - ECE 571 Lecture 2 Linear Array 1.Can steer beam in azimuth plane only (along y) 2.Non-symmetric beam (tighter in y than x) 3.Can focus to different depths x y

Oelze - ECE 571 Lecture 2 Annular Array 1.Can change focal length 2.Symmetric beam x y

Oelze - ECE 571 Lecture 2 1.5D Array 1.Can steer beam in azimuth plane (y) 2.Non-symmetric beam (tighter in y than x) 3.The transverse plane (x) is used for elevational focusing x y

Oelze - ECE 571 Lecture 2 2D Array 1.Can steer beam in both directions (x and y) 2.Elevational focusing 3.Many channels needed to operate x y

Oelze - ECE 571 Lecture 2 Array Imaging: Steering, Low F-Number

Oelze - ECE 571 Lecture 2 Array Imaging: Steering, Low F-Number

Oelze - ECE 571 Lecture 2 Array Imaging: Steering, Low F-Number

Oelze - ECE 571 Lecture 2 Array Imaging: Steering, Low F-Number

Oelze - ECE 571 Lecture 2 Array Imaging: Steering, Low F-Number

Oelze - ECE 571 Lecture 2 Array Imaging: Steering, Low F-Number

Oelze - ECE 571 Lecture 2 Array Imaging: Steering, High F-Number Same Trade-offs as with single elements except, no need to translate source (electronic steering) and no need to use multiple transducers with different f-numbers (electronic focusing)…

Oelze - ECE 571 Lecture 2 Simple Linear Array: Mainlobes kd = 8.16 N = 10 Multiple main lobes can occur, which causes image degradation in a ultrasonic imaging system.

Oelze - ECE 571 Lecture 2 Simple Linear Array: Mainlobes kd = N = 10 Only one mainlobe and no grating lobes

Oelze - ECE 571 Lecture 2 Simple Linear Array: Steering kd = N = 10

Oelze - ECE 571 Lecture 2 Simple Linear Array: Steering kd = N = 10 With same settings and steering the beam to 45 degrees, we can see the mainlobe at -23 degrees (but still 10 lobes away).

Oelze - ECE 571 Lecture 2 Simple Linear Array: Steering kd = N = 10 One mainlobe, but fundamental engineering trade-off is that the mainlobe is wider.

Oelze - ECE 571 Lecture 2 Linear Array Element has width 2a and height 2b x y

Oelze - ECE 571 Lecture 2 Simple Linear Array: Element Factor - H e - H e -- H H TOT H TOT kd = N = 10.

Oelze - ECE 571 Lecture 2 Simple Linear Array: Element Factor - H e - H e -- H H TOT H TOT kd = N = 10.

Oelze - ECE 571 Lecture 2 Simple Linear Array: Element factor - H e - H e -- H H TOT H TOT kd = N = 10.

Oelze - ECE 571 Lecture 2 Simple Linear Array: Steering - H e - H e -- H H TOT H TOT kd = N = 10.

Oelze - ECE 571 Lecture 2 Simple Linear Array: Steering - H e - H e -- H H TOT H TOT kd = N = 10.

Oelze - ECE 571 Lecture 2 Simple Linear Array: Apodization -- H - apodization H - no apodization H - no apodization kd = N = 10

Oelze - ECE 571 Lecture 2 Simple Linear Array: Apodization kd = N = H - apodization H - no apodization H - no apodization 0° steering 0° steering

Oelze - ECE 571 Lecture 2 Simple Linear Array: Apodization kd = N = H - apodization H - no apodization H - no apodization 45° steering 45° steering