4 Genetic variation and assortment Evolution and reproduction 3 Events of meiosis, variation and reproduction 2 Steps of meiosis basic definitions 1 Mitosis vs meiosis, sexual vs asexual Learning goal: Assess their understanding of meiosis, genetics, evolution and population ecology Page 55 Monday February 22, 2016 Warm up: Hypothesize which embryo is will develop into the species listed in the table below. Hypothesize which embryo is from each of the following organisms:

Learning goal: Assess their understanding of meiosis, genetics, evolution and population ecology Learning scale: Student’s self-evaluation: Complete at home or at the end of class, use the Learning scale (two to three sentences). Homework: None 1234 Differentiate between mitosis and meiosis, sexual and asexual reproduction. Define spermatogenesis and oogenesis. List the steps to meiosis. Define sexual and asexual reproduction. Summarize the events the occur during meiosis. Differentiate between sexual and asexual reproduction and the correlation of genetic variation. Explain how genetic variation is a function of crossing-over and independent assortment during spermatogenesis and oogenesis. Evaluate the genetic and evolutionary advantages to sexual versus asexual reproduction. 4 Genetic variation and assortment Evolution and reproduction 3 Events of meiosis, variation and reproduction 2 Steps of meiosis basic definitions 1 Mitosis vs meiosis, sexual vs asexual Learning goal: Assess their understanding of meiosis, genetics, evolution and population ecology Page 55 Monday February 22, 2016

4 Genetic variation and assortment Evolution and reproduction 3 Events of meiosis, variation and reproduction 2 Steps of meiosis basic definitions 1 Mitosis vs meiosis, sexual vs asexual Learning goal: Assess their understanding of meiosis, genetics, evolution and population ecology Page 55 Monday February 22, 2016 Warm up: Hypothesize which embryo is will develop into the species listed in the table below. Hypothesize which embryo is from each of the following organisms: A BCDE F Embryology: The study of embryos to support the theory of evolution

4 Genetic variation and assortment Evolution and reproduction 3 Events of meiosis, variation and reproduction 2 Steps of meiosis basic definitions 1 Mitosis vs meiosis, sexual vs asexual Learning goal: Assess their understanding of meiosis, genetics, evolution and population ecology Structures versus function What suggests a closer relation: the structure or function of a trait? These wings are analogous structures: similar function with different anatomies Butterfly wing Bird wing Page 56 Monday February 22, 2016

4 Genetic variation and assortment Evolution and reproduction 3 Events of meiosis, variation and reproduction 2 Steps of meiosis basic definitions 1 Mitosis vs meiosis, sexual vs asexual Learning goal: Assess their understanding of meiosis, genetics, evolution and population ecology Homologous structures: structures that share a common ancestor. What two organisms are these two bone structures found in? humors ulna radius carpal metacarpal phalanges Page 56 Monday February 22, 2016

4 Genetic variation and assortment Evolution and reproduction 3 Events of meiosis, variation and reproduction 2 Steps of meiosis basic definitions 1 Mitosis vs meiosis, sexual vs asexual Learning goal: Assess their understanding of meiosis, genetics, evolution and population ecology Page 56 Monday February 22, 2016 Vestigial structures: structures an organism has but no longer uses, suggesting a common ancestry. Theories for structures becoming vestigial are speculative StructureFunction Wisdom teethMight have been replacements for teeth ancestors lost to rot and decay before dental hygiene AppendixImportant part of digestive system in plant eating vertebrates Muscles for moving the ear Humans have a wide range of motion in the heads, allowing the to turn in the direction of sounds – there was no need to select for fine muscle control of ears TailboneTails provide animals with balance. Bipedal hominids were able to balance without tails.

4 Genetic variation and assortment Evolution and reproduction 3 Events of meiosis, variation and reproduction 2 Steps of meiosis basic definitions 1 Mitosis vs meiosis, sexual vs asexual Learning goal: Assess their understanding of meiosis, genetics, evolution and population ecology Page 56 Monday February 22, 2016 Evolution (change) from a common ancestor Natural selection allows an environment to dictate the amount of and type of change that occurs Individuals best for an environment will survive the longest and reproduce the most Factors in natural selection 1.Genetic variation is present in populations 2.Challenges to survival and reproduction exist in an environment 3.Individuals in a population must compete for resources 4.Individuals who can out compete others will survive and reproduce, passing their traits to the next generation As natural selection occurs populations will diverge as differences accumulate

4 Genetic variation and assortment Evolution and reproduction 3 Events of meiosis, variation and reproduction 2 Steps of meiosis basic definitions 1 Mitosis vs meiosis, sexual vs asexual Learning goal: Assess their understanding of meiosis, genetics, evolution and population ecology Page 57 Monday February 22, 2016 Evolution by location: Copy the map below and create a graph relating distance from the equator and latitude. Distance from equator Latitude in degrees

4 Genetic variation and assortment Evolution and reproduction 3 Events of meiosis, variation and reproduction 2 Steps of meiosis basic definitions 1 Mitosis vs meiosis, sexual vs asexual Learning goal: Assess their understanding of meiosis, genetics, evolution and population ecology Page 57 Monday February 22, 2016 Evolution by location: The pattern of having lots of species at the equator with diversity dwindling off towards the poles is known as the Latitudinal Diversity Gradient or “LDG” For the LDG hypothesis to be real there will need to be evidence of a large variety of species by the equator and low variety of species in higher latitudes