Massage is a form of passive exercise. Increases circulation Relieves tension and pain Understand Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services

Effleurage: used more than any other technique involves gentle strokes that glide over the skin without attempting to move the deeper structures More relaxing Petrissage: involves a deeper massage muscles are lifted and squeezed gently in a kneading or rolling action Understand Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services

4 Choose an ambulation aid based on patient age type of injury patient’s condition patient’s weight bearing status A gait belt should be used by the health care provider to provide safety and support for the patient

3.01 Understand Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services 5 Cane Used to help with: balance weakness, injury or pain on one side Place the cane on the unaffected side Correct fitting: Handle of cane is level with the head of the femur Patient’s elbow is flexed degrees

3.01 Understand Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services 6 Crutches Used for injury of lower leg or foot Axillary Used by placing the pads under the armpits and holding on to the grip Grips are below and parallel to the armpit pads Forearm Used by slipping the arm into the cuff and holding on to the grip Platform Forearm is placed on an armrest with secure strap Used by person with poor hand grip Axillary Forearm Platform

3.01 Understand Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services 7 Crutches Correct Fitting Patient and crutch tips form a tripod: Crutch tips are 4-6” in front and to side of patient’s foot 2” between axilla and crutch Elbows flexed degrees

3.01 Understand Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services 8 Crutch Gait Gait is the pattern of movement. Four Point Gait: Slow, both legs can bear some weight Two Point Gait: Faster, more natural, both legs can bear some weight 4 point gait pattern

3.01 Understand Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services 9 Crutch Gait Three Point Gait: One leg is non-weight bearing 3 point gait pattern

3.01 Understand Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services 10 Crutch Gait Swing –Through: One leg is non-weight bearing; 2 point pattern. Most rapid gait pattern Swing – To: One leg is non weight bearing; 2 point pattern.

3.01 Understand Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services 11 Walker Ambulation aide that provides support Patient must be strong enough to hold themselves upright Commonly used with elderly patients

3.01 Understand Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services 12 Walker Styles: standard folding rolling platform

3.01 Understand Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services 13 Walker Correct Fitting Handles level with top of femur Elbow flexed to degrees

3.01 Understand Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services 14 Walker Gait Step-to/3 point gait pattern for weight bearing on both legs Swing-to/2 point gait pattern for non-weight bearing

3.01 Understand Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services 15 Transfer to a Chair/Wheelchair Demonstrate the skill Provide for guided practice Provide for independent practice Verify student passing

3.01 Understand Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services 16 Transfer to a Stretcher